基于MaxEnt模型的四川察青松多白唇鹿国家级自然保护区马麝栖息地适宜性评价

Habitat suitability assessment of Moschus sifanicus based on MaxEnt modeling in Chaqingsongduo National Nature Reserve Sichuan Province

马麝是国家一级重点保护动物,曾经广泛分布于青藏高原及周边地区.本研究通过样线法和红外相机法对2018~2020年间的马麝活动地点进行记录,结合对马麝生境选择起关键作用的9种环境因子构建MaxEnt模型,对察青松多白唇鹿国家级自然保护区马麝栖息地适宜性进行评价.研究共获得30个马麝有效记录点,其适宜栖息地分布受地形因子影响较大,其中海拔是影响保护区马麝分布格局最主要的环境因子,马麝倾向于选择海拔低于4300 m,距最近河流距离少于5000 m,降水季节性变化值小于98 mm,人类活动强度较弱的地带.保护区马麝适宜栖息地总面积约为204.17 km^(2),约占察青松多保护区面积的14.21%;主要分为若当沟、麻阔和察青松多地区三个区域,其中若当沟和察青松多区域马麝栖息地适宜值较高,分布面积较大,而麻绒沟马麝适生区域内存在较强的人为干扰,已成为限制马麝栖息地分布的主要因素.

Moschus sifanicus is a national first-class key protected animal,which is widely distributed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and surrounding areas.In this study,the line transect and infrared camera phase methods were used to record the activity location of Moschus sifanicus during 2018 to 2020,and the MaxEnt model was constructed to evaluate the suitability of Moschus sifanicus habitat in Chaqingsongduo National Nature Reserve based on the nine environmental factors.30 Moschus sifanicus effective recorded points were obtained,and model results showed that the terrain factors were the major factors that affected the distribution of suitable habitats for Moschus sifanicus,with the altitude being the most important.Moschus sifanicus preferred to choose areas with altitude below 4300 m,distance from the nearest river less than 5000 m,seasonal variation of precipitation less than 98 mm and weak human activity intensity.Furthermore,the results showed the total area of Moschus sifanicus suitable habitat was 204.17 km^(2),accounting for 14.21% of the total area of Chaqingsongduo nature reserve,which can be divided into three areas:Ruodanggou area,Makuo area,and Chaqingsongduo area.Among them,Ruodanggou area and Chaqingsongduo area had higher suitable value and larger distribution area of Moschus sifanicus habitat.However,strong human disturbance in Maronggou area has become the main factor limiting the distribution of suitable habitat.