马克思劳动理论的超越性管窥--基于阿伦特对马克思劳动理论批判的再批判

A Restricted View on the Transcendence of Marx’s Labor Theory:Based on Arendt’s Re-criticism of the Criticism of Marx’s Labor Theory

劳动理论是理解马克思主义唯物史观的枢纽,贯穿于马克思的思想始终。阿伦特对马克思劳动理论进行了尖锐批判,受到了学界广泛关注。从阿伦特批判马克思劳动理论的“二分性”与“自然的非自然增长”两个角度可以看出,阿伦特在批判马克思劳动理论的基础上所建构的“积极生活”三分法体系,实质上窄化和矮化了马克思劳动理论。马克思劳动理论不仅是对西方政治哲学传统秩序的超越,也是对西方传统发展观的超越。正确理解和剖析阿伦特对马克思劳动理论批评的根源和实质,还马克思主义劳动理论的真实面目,不仅是为真实马克思主义辩护的需要,也是建构中国特色社会主义劳动观的重要前提。

Labor theory is the hub for understanding Marxist historical materialism,which runs through Marx’s thought from beginning to end.Arendt’s sharp criticism of Marx’s labor theory has attracted extensive attention in the academic circles.From the perspectives of Arendt’s criticism of Marx’s labor theory’s“dichotomy”and“natural and unnatural growth”,it can be seen that Arendt’s trisection system of“active life”constructed on the basis of criticizing Marx’s labor theory essentially narrows and dwarfs Marx’s labor theory.Marx’s labor theory is not only a transcendence of the traditional order of Western political philosophy,but also a transcendence of the western traditional outlook on development.Correctly understanding and analyzing the root and essence of Arendt’s criticism of Marx’s labor theory and returning the true face of Marxist labor theory is not only the need to defend true Marxism,but also an important prerequisite for constructing the socialist labor view with Chinese characteristics.