业绩期望差距与制造企业创新行为选择--基于不同期望参照水平的检验

Research on the impact of performance expectation gaps on innovation behavior of manufacturing enterprises:test based on different expected reference levels

如何在不同业绩期望差距下做出创新行为的选择,一直是制造企业战略决策研究的关键环节。基于组织行为、威胁刚性和前景理论等理论框架,将业绩期望差距纳入制造企业探索式和利用式创新的前因要素模型,实证结果显示:第一,历史业绩期望落差与企业创新行为呈现倒U型关系,且相对于探索式创新,历史业绩期望落差对企业利用式创新的敏感性更高;行业业绩期望落差与企业创新行为之间存在U型关系,且相对于利用式创新,行业业绩期望落差对企业探索式创新更加敏感。第二,经济政策不确定性和冗余资源均正向调节行业业绩期望落差与企业创新行为之间的关系。第三,根据公司属性、行业、区域分组回归进行异质性检验,发现它们存在显著的差异,并且组织风险偏好在期望差距与企业创新间存在部分中介。进一步进行拓展分析,制造企业中两类创新行为均可提升企业绩效,两者的交互作用对企业绩效产生显著的积极影响,企业可以在探索式和利用式创新行为之间取得平衡。研究结论为制造业创新发展和结构优化提供政策参考。

Choosing to undertake innovation behavior under different performance expectation gaps has always been key for manufacturing enterprises.Based on the theoretical framework of organizational behavior,threat rigidity and prospect theory,this paper brings performance expectation gaps into the antecedent factor model of exploratory and exploitative innovation of manufacturing enterprises.The results show that:Firstly,the historical performance expectation gap and enterprises’innovation behavior present an inverted U-shaped relationship.Compared with exploratory innovation,the historical performance expectation gap is more sensitive to exploitative innovation.There is a U-shaped relationship between the industry performance expectation gap and enterprises’innovation behavior,and compared with exploitative innovation,the industry performance expectation gap is more sensitive to exploratory innovation.Secondly,policy uncertainty and redundant resources positively moderate the relationship between the industry performance expectation gap and enterprises’innovation behavior.Thirdly,there are significant differences between companies according to their attributes,industries and regions,and organizational risk preference has a partial intermediary between the expectation gap and enterprises’innovation.Further analysis reveals that the two types of innovation behavior can both improve enterprises’performance.At the same time,the interaction between the two types of innovation will have a positive effect on enterprises’performance,and enterprises will be able to achieve a balance between exploratory and exploitative innovation behavior.These conclusions provide policy reference for innovation development and structural optimization in manufacturing.