全球公共产品视角下的中国国际发展合作

China’s International Development Cooperation under the International Public Goods Perspective

中国的对外援助事业随国际、国内形势而变化。近年来官方对国际发展合作的重视不仅促成中国对外援助指导思想的转变,也为对外援助向国际发展合作转型奠定了理念基础。中国为发展合作提供全球公共产品的实践不断丰富:一是基于本国成功经验而开展的减贫国际合作成为重要公共产品,二是通过创新农业技术合作方式为解决全球粮食安全问题提供更多公共产品,三是借助三方合作更好地创新公共产品供给模式,四是持续加强全球卫生公共产品供给。中国对外援助在取得积极成效的同时,也面临经济、技术实力有限、援助项目可持续性不足、受援国国家治理与互不干涉内政之间协调困难、国际发展合作的话语权有待提升等挑战。未来,中国应注重从制度建设、资金筹集、可持续性提升、受援国能动性发挥、国际话语权提升等方面做更充分准备。

With the changes of the international and domestic situations, China’s foreign aid has undergone several changes. In recent years, the emphasis on international development cooperation from the official perspective has become the beginning of the ideological transformation of China’s foreign aid, which has also laid a conceptual foundation for promoting the transformation of foreign aid into international development cooperation and better providing global public goods. At the same time, China’s experience in providing global public goods in the field of development cooperation has become richer. First,international cooperation on poverty reduction based on China’s successful experience has become an important public good. Second, China has provided more public goods to address global food security issues, including through innovative ways of agricultural technology cooperation and so on. Third, triangular cooperation is regarded as an important way to innovate the supply model of public goods. Fourth, China continues to strengthen the supply of public goods in the area of global health. In the field of international development cooperation, China has achieved satisfying results in a series of explorations on innovative modes of supply of public goods. However, there is no denying that China faces challenges in the supply of global public goods, such as limited economic and technological strengths, the sustainability of aid projects to be improved, difficulties in coordinating national governance and non-interference in the internal affairs of recipient countries, and the need to enhance the voice in international development cooperation. In the future, China should pay more attention to making better preparations in terms of institutional building, fund raising, sustainability improvement, and the initiative of recipient countries and the enhancement of international influence.