西藏色季拉山区龙胆科30种植物的花粉形态特征

Pollen Morphological Characteristics of 30 Species of Gentianaceae in Shergyla Mountain Area,Tibet

运用扫描电镜对西藏色季拉山区龙胆科7属30种植物的花粉形态特征进行了观察研究,这30种龙胆科植物的花粉均为单粒3沟花粉,沟长以及沟裂程度在各个种间有一定差别。花粉赤道面观多为超长方形、近长方形、椭圆形、梭形;极面观有三裂圆形、三角圆形、近三角形3种,主要以三裂圆形为主;属种间花粉体积指数、极轴与赤道轴长度差异较为明显;花粉外壁纹饰有5种类型:条纹—网状、网状、孔穴状、脑纹网状和网状雕纹。最后对于观察的30种龙胆科植物花粉在形态特征的各方面对龙胆科植物演化、亲缘关系及系统分类中的意义进行了讨论。

The morphological characteristics of pollen of 30 species of plants of seven genera in Gentianaceae in Shergyla mountainous area of Tibet were observed and studied by scanning electron microscope. The pollen of these 30 species of Gentianaceae were all single-grain pollen with three grooves.There are certain differences among various species. Pollen in the equatorial view is divided into super rectangular,nearly rectangular,elliptical,and fusiform;in polar view,there are three types of three-lobed round,triangular-shaped,and near-triangular,mainly three-lobed round;pollen volume index between species,the length difference between the polar axis and the equatorial axis is more obvious;there are five types of pollen outer wall decorations:stripe-reticulate,reticulated,hole-shaped,brain-shaped reticulate and reticulated carving. Finally,the significance of the observed 30 species of Gentianaceae pollen in the morphological characteristics of Gentianaceae plant evolution,genetic relationship and systematic classification were discussed.