皮肤点刺试验诊断过敏性鼻炎效能及过敏原检出率的临床分析

Efficacy of skin prick test in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and clinical analysis of allergen detection rate

目的探讨皮肤点刺试验诊断过敏性鼻炎效能及过敏原检出率。方法选自秦皇岛市第二医院2018年9月-2019年9月期间皮肤科就诊的150例过敏性鼻炎患者进行研究,通过皮肤点刺试验诊断过敏原,并对阳性率进行分析。结果皮肤点刺试验在过敏性鼻炎患者吸入性和食入性过敏原中均具有检查意义,其中粉尘螨阳性检出率51.33%、户尘螨45.33%、猫毛13.33%、霉菌14.00%、蟑螂20.00%、花粉12.00%、海虾7.33%,是AR常见的过敏原。18-35岁青年患者粉尘螨、户尘螨、猫毛、蟑螂AR检出率与35-45岁中年患者过敏原对比具有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论皮肤点刺试验吸入性过敏原中尘螨、花粉、霉菌、猫毛是AR患者主要过敏原,食入性过敏原AR检出率较低,以海虾、牛奶、鸡蛋为主,随着年龄的增大阳性率增高,皮肤点刺试验是AR常见检测手段,但容易受其他因素影响形成假阴性,临床应酌情判断。

Objective To investigate the efficacy of skin prick test in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and the detection rate of allergens.Methods 150cases of patients with allergic rhinitis in our hospital from September 2018to September 2019were selected to study.The allergens were diagnosed by skin prick test,and the positive rate was analyzed.Results skin prick test was significant in the detection of inhaled and ingested allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis.The positive detection rate of Dermatophagoides farinae was 51.33%,Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was 45.33%,cat hair was 13.33%,mold was 14.00%,cockroach was 20.00%,pollen was 12.00%,shrimp was 7.33%,which were common allergens in ar.The AR detection rates of dust mite,house dust mite,cat hair and cockroach in young patients aged 18-35were significantly different from those in middle-aged patients aged 35-45(P<0.05).Conclusion Dermatophagoides farinae,pollen,mold and cat hair are the main allergens of AR patients in skin prick test.The detection rate of AR in food allergens is low,mainly shrimp,milk and eggs.With the increase of age,the positive rate increases.Skin prick test is a common detection method of AR,but it is easy to form false negative due to other factors,so it should be judged according to clinical conditions.