乡镇遥感生态指数时空变化及影响因子研究--以天津市蓟州区为例

The spatiotemporal changes of remote sensing ecological index in towns and the influencing factors:A case study of Jizhou District,Tianjin

进行乡镇生态环境质量评价和其空间分异性的影响因子分析,探讨其自身发展及对环境影响的机理,有助于相关部门有针对性地进行政策调整,对实现乡村生产生活与生态环境协调发展,实现乡村振兴的生态文明建设目标有重要意义。本文以天津市蓟州区乡镇为评估单元,利用遥感数据、统计数据和社会调查数据相结合的方法,使用遥感生态指数(RSEI)对其2000—2020年的生态环境质量进行评价,并选取四大类型共九个影响因子,通过地理探测器对蓟州区2020年乡镇生态环境质量的空间分异性影响因素进行了分析。结果表明,蓟州区2000年到2020年乡镇生态环境质量整体有所提升,生态环境质量等级为差和极差的区域明显减少,生态环境质量等级为好的区域面积增加;其变化趋势可分为持续上升型、波动上升型和波动下降型,除礼明庄镇外,其他评估单元生态环境质量都在向好的方向发展。在单因子探测中,地形因子的影响力大于社会因子和经济因子,即蓟州区乡镇生态环境质量的空间分布受海拔影响要大于其他社会经济因素的影响;在交互作用探测中,任意两个影响因子交互之后的作用强度都要大于单一影响因子,其中干度指数与绿度指数的交互作用解释力最高;说明土地利用变化和城市建设是乡镇生态环境质量的主要影响因素和关键影响因子。根据以上分析结果,蓟州区在未来乡镇生态环境保护与规划中应更注意城镇化过程中农业及其他生态用地与建设用地的平衡,科学地进行乡镇发展空间格局规划,实现乡镇生产生活与生态的协调发展。

Evaluating the quality of the town′s eco⁃environmental quality and analyzing the influencing factors of the spatial differentiation,and exploring the town′s development and the mechanism of its impact on the environment are of great significance to the realization of the ecological civilization construction goal of rural revitalization.This work is not only helpful for the relevant departments to make targeted policy adjustments,but also can realize the coordinated development of rural production,life and ecological environment.Taking the towns of Jizhou District in Tianjin as the evaluation units,we evaluated their eco⁃environmental quality from^(2)000 to 2020 by using the Remote Sensing Ecological Index(RSEI).Then,by combining remote sensing data,statistical data and social survey data,we choose four types of nine impact factors to analyze the influencing factors of the spatial differentiation of eco⁃environmental quality of towns in Jizhou District in 2020 through the Geodetector.The results show that the overall ecological environment quality in the towns of Jizhou District has improved from^(2)000 to 2020.The areas with poor and very poor eco⁃environmental quality have significantly reduced,and the areas with good eco⁃environment quality have increased.According to the changing trend of the eco⁃environmental quality,the assessment units can be classified into three types which are rising continuously type,rising with fluctuation type and falling with fluctuation type.Except Limingzhuang Town,the eco⁃environmental quality of other assessment units is developing in a good direction.In the single factor detection,the explanatory power of the terrain factors is higher than social factors and economic factors,which means the spatial distribution of eco⁃environmental quality of towns in Jizhou District is more affected by altitude than socio⁃economic factors,In the interactive detection,the results show that the interactive explanatory power of any two impact factors is higher than that of a single impact factor,and the interactive explanatory power of the dryness index and the greenness index is the highest.The results show that the land use change and urban construction are the key influencing factors of the eco⁃environmental quality of towns.According to the above analysis results,Jizhou District should pay more attention to the balance of agricultural land(including other ecological land)and construction land in the process of urbanization in the future ecological environment protection and planning.Another point concerned is scientifically planning the spatial pattern of township development.These two ways can coordinate the development of township production,life and ecology.