小麦作为鹅饲粮的营养价值评定

Nutritional Value Evaluation of Wheat as a Diet for Geese

本试验旨在评定小麦的代谢能以及鹅对其营养物质的利用率。选取健康且体重接近的180日龄扬州鹅公鹅18只,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复1只鹅。采集湖北、辽宁和江苏3地同年份的3批小麦作为3组鹅的饲料原料。代谢试验采用强饲法进行,并测定内源损耗。结果表明:1)3组小麦的总能(GE)及粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗纤维(CF)、总磷(TP)和钙(Ca)含量的平均值分别为15.90 MJ/kg、13.12%、1.74%、16.84%、3.93%、1.97%、0.33%、0.16%,其中TP含量变异系数达到0.24;总氨基酸(TAA)含量的平均值为11.89%,其中天冬氨酸(Asp)、谷氨酸(Glu)、甘氨酸(Gly)、脯氨酸(Pro)、半胱氨酸(Cys)和亮氨酸(Leu)的含量达到或超过0.5%。2)3组小麦在鹅中的GE利用率、表观代谢能(AME)和真代谢能(TME)平均值分别为84.89%、12.06 MJ/kg和13.07 MJ/kg;鹅对小麦CP、Ca和TP的真利用率平均值分别为67.20%、56.74%和51.02%,对EE、NDF、ADF和CF的表观利用率平均值分别为66.02%、55.30%、24.33%和16.81%;3组小麦的氨基酸真利用率(TAAA)分别为74.39%~98.26%、68.62%~97.31%和68.61%~97.68%。其中Glu、Pro和蛋氨酸(Met)的真利用率平均值超过95%,总TAAA平均值为93.28%。综上所述,小麦营养成分全面,代谢能高于豆粕、稻谷及大多数非常规饲料原料;鹅对其CP、AA、EE、NDF、Ca和TP利用率较高,但对ADF和CF利用率较低;鹅对不同地区来源小麦的代谢能以及CP、NDF利用率有明显差异。

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the metabolizable energy(ME)of wheat and the utilization of its nutrients in geese.Eighteen healthy Yangzhou ganders with similar body weight were selected at the age of 180 d and randomly divided into three groups with six replicates per group and 1 goose per replicate.Three batches of wheat from Hubei,Liaoning and Jiangsu province in China were collected as experimental diets for the three groups of geese.Metabolism test was conducted by force-feeding method and measured the internal loss.The results showed as follows:1)the mean values of gross energy(GE),crude protein(CP),ether extract(EE),neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF),crude fiber(CF),phosphorus(TP),calcium(Ca)contents were 15.90 MJ/kg,13.12%,1.74%,16.84%,3.93%,1.97%,0.33%,0.16%,respectively.The variation coefficient of TP content was 0.24.The mean value of total amino acid(TAA)content was 11.89%,among which the contents of aspartic acid(Asp),glutamate(Glu),glycine(Gly),proline(Pro),cysteine(Cys)and leucine(Leu)reached or exceeded 0.5%.2)The mean values of GE utilization,apparent metabolic energy(AME)and true metabolic energy(TME)of wheat in geese were 84.89%,12.60 MJ/kg and 13.07 MJ/kg,respectively.The mean values of true utilization of CP,Ca,TP were 67.20%,56.74%,51.02%,respectively,The mean values of apparent utilization of EE,NDF,ADF and CF were 66.02%,55.30%,24.33%and 16.81%,respectively.The true amino acid availability(TAAA)of wheat in the three groups were 74.39%to 98.26%,68.62%to 97.31%and 68.61%to 97.68%,respectively.The mean values of TAAA of Glu,Pro and methionine(Met)were more than 95%,and that of total TAAA is 93.28%.In conlusion,the nutrient composition of wheat is comprehensive,and the ME of wheat is higher than that of soybean meal,rice and most non-conventional feed materials.Geese have higher utilization of CP,AA,EE,NDF,Ca and TP,but lower utilization of ADF and CF.There are significant differences in mean values and utilization of CP and NDF of wheat from different regions in goose.