小麦微喷(滴)灌水肥一体化高产优质高效生态栽培研究进展

Research Progress on High-Yield, High-Quality, High-Efficiency and Ecology Cultivation of Wheat Micro-Sprinkling and Drip Fertigation

高产优质高效生态栽培是现代农业的发展目标,水肥一体化技术是实现这一目标的有效手段,其为国家粮食安全和农业可持续发展做出了重要贡献。微喷(滴)灌水肥一体化技术在小麦栽培上可实现节水30%~40%、节肥20%~30%以及增产15%~30%,水分和肥料利用率分别提高40%~60%和30%~50%;同时可改善小麦籽粒品质,减少100cm以下土层NO^(-)_(3)-N积累,降低氮肥淋失风险,以及缓解土壤中N_(2)O气体向大气排放。本文概述了水肥一体化技术及国内外发展现状,并对微喷(滴)灌水肥一体化技术对小麦产量、品质、水肥利用率及水肥运移规律、N_(2)O气体排放等方面的影响进行综述,为水肥一体化技术从"高端农业"走向普遍、从设施农业走向大田提供参考。

High-yield,high-quality,high-efficiency and ecology cultivation is the development goal of modern agriculture,and fertigation technology is an effective method to achieve this goal,it has made important contributions to national food security and sustainable agricultural development.In wheat cultivation,microsprinkling and drip fertigation technology can achieve water saving of 30%-40%,fertilizer saving of 20%-30%,yield increasing of 15%-30%,improve water and fertilizer utilization rate of 40%-60%and 30%-50%,respectively.At the same time,it can upgrade the grain quality of wheat,diminish the accumulation of NO^(-)_(3)-N in the soil layer below 100 cm,reduce the risk of nitrogen leaching,and alleviate the N_(2)O emission from the soil to the atmosphere.In this thesis,fertigation technology and its development current status in global were summarized,and the effects of micro-sprinkling and drip fertigation technology on wheat yield and quality,water and fertilizer utilization rate and migration law,N_(2)O gas emission were reviewed.This review provide a theoretical reference for it from“HighEnd Agriculture”to universal,and from facility agriculture to field.