白洋淀上游河流水环境风险评价

Water Environment Risk Assessment of the Upper Reaches of Baiyangdian Lake

水环境风险评价是水环境污染防治和风险管理的基础。基于白洋淀上游主要入淀河流现状,综合考虑风险源、河流特性、自然地理及社会发展条件、水污染治理能力等因素,构建了考虑上游河段环境风险影响的白洋淀上游河流水环境风险评价体系,采用改进层次分析法和综合指数加权求和法,评价了白洋淀上游河流水环境风险。结果表明:2017年,白洋淀上游入淀河流总体处于中风险等级,孝义河个别河段处于高风险等级;环保投资占GDP比重、单位耕地面积化肥施用量和河流水质现状等评价指标是影响入淀河流水环境风险水平的主要因素。白洋淀上游河流水环境改善的主要措施包括加大环境保护投资占GDP比重、妥善处理经济增长与农业面源污染的关系、降低化肥施用强度、加大河流治理力度,研究可为白洋淀上游入淀河流生态环境的治理与修复提供参考。

Water environment risk assessment is the basis of water environment pollution prevention and risk management.Based on the current situation of the main rivers into Baiyangdian Lake in the upper Baiyangdian Basin,considering the risk sources,river characteristics,physical geography and social development conditions,water pollution control ability and other factors,the water environment risk assessment system of the rivers into Baiyangdian Lake in the upper Baiyangdian Basin is constructed,the water environment risk of the rivers in the upper Baiyangdian Basin is evaluated by using the improved analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and the weighted summation method of comprehensive index.The results show that:in 2017,the overall risk level of the rivers into Baiyangdian Lake in the upper Baiyangdian Basin are in medium risk level,and some sections of Xiaoyi River are at the high risk level;evaluation indicators such as the proportion of environmental protection investment in GDP,the amount of chemical fertilizer applied per unit of arable land,and the current water quality of the river are the main factors that affect the water environmental risk level of the rivers into Baiyangdian Lake in the upper Baiyangdian Basin.The main measures to improve the water environment of the rivers in the upper Baiyangdian Basin include increasing the proportion of environmental protection investment in GDP,properly dealing with the relationship between economic growth and agricultural non-point source pollution,reducing the application intensity of chemical fertilizer and strengthening river governance.The research can provide reference for the treatment and restoration of the ecological environment of the rivers into Baiyangdian Lake in the upper Baiyangdian Basin.