中国民众社会价值观的变迁及其影响因素——基于年龄—时期—世代效应的分析

Chinese Social Value Change and Its Relevant Factors:An Age-Period-Cohort Effect Analysis

本文利用世界价值观调查数据(1990-2012),描述分析了中国社会转型过程中人们价值观念的变迁趋势。研究发现,随着时间的推移,人们对权威的态度趋于积极,私人领域价值观趋于开放,后物质主义价值观则表现为先上升而后下降的趋势。世代效应的特点为改革开放后出生的世代更加认同尊重权威,其后物质主义价值观则趋于下降。价值观变迁与中国现代化进程、全球文化扩散以及重要历史事件有关,同时也深受民族性与现代性双向互动的影响。

Using data from the World Values Survey(1990-2012), this paper attempts to describe and analyze the changing trends of people’s values during the process of social transformation in China. It is found that people’s attitudes toward authority tend to be more positive over time, private sphere values tend to be more open, while post-materialist values show a trend of first rising and then falling. The most salient feature of cohort effect is that the generations born after the reform and opening-up have become more identified with respect for authority, while materialistic values tend to decline thereafter. The change in values is related to China’s modernization process, global cultural diffusion, and important historical events,and is also deeply influenced by the two-way interaction between ethnicity and modernity.