湖南地区大学生生育意愿与生育观念调查分析

Investigation and analysis of fertility desire and concept of college students in Hunan Province

目的了解湖南地区在校大学生的生育意愿与生育观念,为有关部门了解在校大学生生育意愿与生育观念提供参考。方法通过问卷调查方式,对湖南各区域代表性高校合计588名大学生的生育观念与生育意愿进行调查,并对相关影响因素进行统计分析。结果选择未来不生育和生育1胎、生育2胎及生育2胎以上的占比分别为26.87%、27.21%、45.90%和0.02%。"工作压力大"和"个人意愿"是影响生育年龄延迟的主要原因。家庭较为贫困者、外向型性格和单亲家庭子女不愿生育比例分别为24.32%、28.16%和53.84%。92.31%的大学生不支持"多子多福""传宗接代"等传统思想。结论大学生生育观念已有较大改变,表现于生育意愿呈明显分化状态,大多数人不认可传统生育观念,就生育意愿来说更倾向于少生育或不生育。社会经济形势、工作压力等问题成为限制有生育意愿大学生生育的重要因素,大学生的成长经历、性格特征、家庭环境、教育经历同样间接影响大学生的生育意愿。确定与国家经济社会发展和资源环境相适应的人口状态或人口基数,及时调整和制定合乎国情的生育政策,需要综合慎重考虑。

Objective To understand the fertility desire and concept of college students in Hunan Province. And to provide reference for relevant departments to understand the fertility desire and concept of college students. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 588 college students distributed in presentive regions of Hunan Province on their fertility concept and willingness, and the related influencing factors were analyzed statistically. Results 26.87%, 27.21%, 45.90%and 0.02% of them respectively chose to have no child, one, two or two more children in the future. The proportions of college students from poor families, extroverted families and single parent families who do not want to have children are 24.32%,28.16% and 53.84% respectively. 92.31% of college students do not support the traditional opinions such as “More children,more happiness” and “Inheriting the family”. Conclusion College Students’ fertility concept has obviously changed reflected by the apparent differentiation of fertility desire. Most college students did not agree with the traditional fertility concept and tend to have less or no fertility in terms of fertility desire. Social and economic situation, work pressure and other issues have become the important factors limiting the reproduction of college students with fertility desire. College students’ growth experience, personality characteristics, family environment and education experience also indirectly affect their fertility desire.To determine the population status or population base suitable for the country’s economic and social development, resources and environment, and to timely adjust and formulate Fertility Policies in line with the national conditions, we need to consider comprehensively and carefully.