广州市南沙区中小学生视力不良及影响因素研究

Poor eyesight and its influencing factors of primary and middle school students in Nansha District,Guangzhou

目的了解广州市南沙区中小学生视力不良发生情况及其影响因素,为学生视力防控提供科学依据。方法采取分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取广州市南沙区小学、中学共7所学校学生为调查对象进行问卷调查和视力检查。结果共发放问卷1861份,回收有效问卷1842份,有效回收率为98.98%。广州市南沙区中小学生视力不良检出率为63.63%,其中男生视力不良检出率为59.51%,初中生为82.50%,住校生为76.53%,不同性别、学段、是否住校学生视力不良检出率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,初中及以上学段(OR=3.32、3.19)、女生(OR=1.42)、每天都使用移动电子设备(OR=1.39)、睡眠不足(OR=1.52)、作业时长≥2 h(OR=1.50、2.05)、单次近距离用眼时间≥16 min(OR=1.48、1.40、1.47、1.75、2.15)、父母近视(OR=2.05、2.01、3.30)是中小学生视力不良的危险因素。结论广州市南沙区中小学生视力不良情况较为严峻,需要学校、家庭、社会共同努力,综合防控学生视力不良问题。

Objective To understand the occurrence and influencing factors of poor eyesight among primary and middle school students in Nansha District of Guangzhou,so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of poor eyesight.Methods By stratified cluster sampling method,students of 7 schools including primary and middle schools from Nansha District of Guangzhou were selected and investigated.Results A total of 1861 questionnaires were distributed,and 1842 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective recovery rate of 98.98%.The detection rate of poor eyesight among primary and middle school students in Nansha District of Guangzhou was 63.63%,the detection rate of boys,junior high school students and boarding students was 59.51%,82.50%and 76.53%,respectively.There were significant differences in the detection rate of poor eyesight among different gender,schooling grade and boarding situation(all P<0.01).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that junior high school and above(OR=3.32,3.19),girls(OR=1.42),using mobile electronic devices every day(OR=1.39),insufficient sleep(OR=1.52),duration of homework≥2 hours(OR=1.50,2.05),duration of close-range use of eyes≥16 minutes(OR=1.48,1.40,1.47,1.75,2.15),and parental myopia(OR=2.05,2.01,3.30)were risk factors for poor eyesight of primary and middle school students.Conclusion The poor eyesight of primary and middle school students in Nansha District of Guangzhou is severe,it requires the joint efforts of schools,families and society to prevent and control the poor eyesight of students.