西南地区某矿产集采区土壤重金属迁移规律及生态风险评价

Heavy Metal Migration and Soil Pollution Assessment in an Intensive Mining Area in the Southwest China

为科学推进矿山生态修复,依托传统野外调查工作手段与技术优势,结合室内综合测试与系统分析,开展长江上游金沙江流域内矿产资源开发引起土壤重金属含量变化相关研究。以西南地区某矿产集采区为例,探索区内土壤重金属含量及其随流域迁移规律,分析区内土壤重金属潜在生态风险。研究表明:该矿产集采区铅锌矿区、磷矿区土壤样品重金属含量超标存在差异;源于矿产资源开采方式、洗选方式、矿区固体废弃物分布、地表径流强度等诸多因素影响,区内土壤样品重金属含量从上游到下游的迁移规律呈多种类型。相关结果既可作为生产矿山生态环境监测的工作依据,亦可作为闭坑矿山生态保护修复的重要参考。

In order to scientifically promote mine ecological restoration,relying on the traditional field investigation and technical advantages,combined with comprehensive laboratory detection and systematic analysis,variations in soil heavy metal contents caused by the development of mineral resources in the Jinsha River Basin in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River was investigated. Taking a mineral intensive mining area in Southwest China as an example,this paper explores the content of soil heavy metals and their migration law within the watershed,and analyzes the potential ecological risk of soil heavy metals in the area. The results show that there are differences in the content of heavy metals in soil samples between lead-zinc mining area and phosphate mining area. Due to the influence of many factors such as mining mode of mineral resources,washing mode,distribution of solid waste in the mining area,surface runoff intensity,etc,types of the migration law of heavy metal content in soil samples varied a lot from upstream to downstream. The relevant results can be used not only as the basis of ecological environment monitoring of production mines,but also as an important reference for ecological protection and restoration of closed mines.