苏州市高新区学龄前儿童屈光状态分析

Analysis of refractive status of preschool children in Suzhou High-tech Zone

目的观察学龄前儿童屈光状态、屈光不正检出率和发展趋势,为控制青少年屈光不正与提高儿童保健服务水平提供帮助。方法于2020年9—12月对苏州市高新区27561名(55122眼)3~6岁学龄前儿童进行横断面调查,使用伟伦双目视力筛查仪筛查屈光状态。结果学龄前儿童屈光不正检出率为9.5%,散光为8.6%,远视为1.3%,近视为0.5%。其中6岁组近视(1.1%)和远视检出率(2.2%)均最高,且年龄越大,球镜屈光度越低、柱镜屈光度越高。柱镜差异女童异常率(1.3%)高于男童(0.9%),屈光总参差异常率女童(2.3%)也高于男童(1.9%)。散光以混合散光(49.1%)和复合远视散光(39.2%)为主,年龄越大,复合远视散光检出率越低;以顺规散光为主(97.5%),年龄越大,顺规散光检出率越高,而逆规散光和斜轴散光检出率越低。结论近视远视检出率在6岁时显著提高,屈光参差和轴向散光在6岁时也达到最高。应关注儿童散光问题,尤其是顺规散光应受到高度关注。

Objective To observe the refractive status of preschool children,and to explore the prevalence and development trend of ametropia in preschool children,so as to provide support for controlling adolescent ametropia and improving children’s health care service.Methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 27561 preschool children(55122 eyes)aged 3-6 years old in the High-tech Zone of Suzhou from September to December 2020.The refractive status was screened by the US Weilun binocular optometry.Results The total detection rate of ametropia was 9.5%,including 8.6%of astigmatism,1.3%of hyperopia and 0.5%of myopia.The detection rates of myopia(1.1%)and hyperopia(2.2%)were the highest in the 6-year-old group,and the older the age was,the lower the spherical diopter was,and the higher the cylindrical diopter was.The abnormal rate of colposcopy in girls(1.3%)was higher than that in boys(0.9%),and the abnormal rate of total anisometropia in women(2.3%)was also higher than that in men(1.9%).The main astigmatism was mixed astigmatism(49.1%)and compound hyperopia astigmatism(39.2%);The older the age,the lower the detection rate of compound hyperopia astigmatism.And it is dominated by regular astigmatism(97.5%);The higher the age,the higher the detection rate of astigmatism with the rule,while the lower the detection rates of astigmatism against the rule and oblique axis astigmatism.Conclusion The detection rate of myopia and hyperopia increased significantly at the age of 6,and anisometropia and axial astigmatism also reached the highest at the age of 6.Local health care departments should pay attention to children’s astigmatism,especially astigmatism with the rule.