基于天然多糖的水凝胶伤口敷料的研究进展

Research Progress of Hydrogel Wound Dressing Based on Natural Polysaccharides

在日常生活中,烧烫伤和割伤造成的皮肤急性损伤时有发生,难以正常愈合且有持续性炎症的慢性伤口也较为常见。有效的伤口敷料不仅可以遮盖与保护伤口,而且能提高伤口愈合的质量。水凝胶具有孔隙率高、含水量高和生物相容性良好等特点,在临床治疗和组织工程等领域具有广阔的应用前景。常见水凝胶的合成方法包括物理交联法和化学交联法,使用不同基材以及合成方法制备的水凝胶具有不同的特点。一般来说,使用多糖制备的天然水凝胶在力学性能和稳定性方面不如人工聚合物水凝胶,且单一多糖水凝胶可能无法满足伤口愈合的多元化需求。因此,高力学性能的杂化双交联水凝胶和高抗菌性、高生物相容性的功能复合水凝胶是当前的研究热点和趋势。本文介绍了几种常见的用于水凝胶合成的多糖以及多糖水凝胶的合成方法与分类,并对近年来的功能性复合水凝胶敷料进行了分类归纳,然后对多糖水凝胶敷料的相关动物实验、临床应用及商业化产品进行了概述。期望能够为从事本领域的相关研究人员提供部分参考。

Acute skin injuries and persistent non-healing chronic wounds are common in daily life.Dressings are playing critical roles in wound care be-cause they can protect the wound from external infection and accelerate the healing process.With the characteristics of high porosity,highw ater content and good biocompatibility,hydrogel dressings have broad application prospects in clinical treatment and tissue engineering.The synthesis methods of hydrogels include the physical cross-linking method and the chemical cross-linking method.Hydrogels prepared by different synthesis methods or different substrates often have different characteristics.Natural polysaccharide hydrogels are far inferior to artificial polymer hydrogels in terms of mechanical properties and stability,and a single polysaccharide hydrogel material may not be able to meet the diversified needs of wound healing.At present,the focus of research is the hybrid double-crosslinked hydrogel which can improve its mechanical properties,and the multi-functional composite hydrogel with antimicrobial properties and biocompatibility.This review gives a summary on the the types of polysaccharides used for hydrogels,the preparation methods and classification of hydrogels based on polysaccharides,and the functional composite hydrogel dressings.In addition,it summarizes the animal experiments,clinical applications and commercial products of hydrogel dressings based on polysaccharides.It hopes to provide a certain reference for relevant researchers in this field.