麻栎优树自由授粉家系生长性状3地点间动态变异及优良家系选择

Dynamic Variation of Growth Traits in Open-pollinated Families of Quercus acutissima Superior Tree and Selection of Superior Families Among Three Sites

[目的]研究麻栎优树自由授粉家系随林龄变化的生长性状遗传变异规律,为麻栎人工林高效培育筛选优良种质材料。[方法]在江西永丰、浙江开化和安徽滁州3个试验点,以来自广西融水的18个优树自由授粉家系试验林为研究对象,分析家系间林木生长变异规律、主要经济性状(地上单株生物量)随林龄的动态变化,基于AMMI模型进行生长性状稳定性评价,并进行优良家系选择。[结果]3个试验点麻栎家系间的树高、胸(地)径和地上单株生物量均具有显著差异。麻栎地上单株生物量受地点、家系、家系×地点交互作用显著影响,其中地点对生长变异影响最大,其次为家系和家系×地点。不同试验地点麻栎1~3年生和6~11年生家系的生长表现具有较大差异。根据11年生时地上单株生物量分别筛选试验地表现较好的家系,江西永丰试验点优良家系为M11、M9和M15,遗传增益为4.08%~7.45%;浙江开化试验点优良家系为M16和M2,遗传增益为28.01%~37.02%;安徽滁州试验点优良家系为M17、M1和M18,遗传增益为15.05%~30.29%。综合生长表现和稳定性分析发现,M18和M20家系适宜在3个试验点栽培,地上单株生物量均值为31.38 kg,Dg(e)均值为0.88。[结论]麻栎优树自由授粉家系间生长受地点和家系交互作用影响,筛选出一批适于不同区域人工林培育的优良家系。

[Objective]To study the genetic variation of growth traits in superior open-pollinated families of Quercus acutissima with the increase of stand age,and to select the superior families for Q.acutissima plantation cultivation.[Method]Eighteen superior tree open-pollination families coming from Rongshui of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were planted in 3 test sites(Yongfeng of Jiangxi Province,Kaihua of Zhejiang Province and Chuzhou of Anhui Province).The variation in tree growth among the families and the dynamic changes of above-ground biomass of individual tree(AGB)with stand age were investigated.The stability of growth traits was evaluated using the AMMI model,and then the superior families were selected.[Result]The tree height,diameter at breast(or ground)height,and the AGB significantly differed among the 3 test sites.The AGB of Q.acutissima trees was significantly affected by the site,family,and family×site.The site had the greatest impact on growth variation,followed by family and family×site.The growth performance of 1-3 years old and 6-11 years old families had great difference among test sites.Based on the AGB at the 11st year,the superior families in Yongfeng were M11,M9 and M15,their genetic gain was 4.08%-7.45%;the superior families in the Kaihua were M16 and M2,their genetic gain was 28.01%-37.02%;the superior families in the Chuzhou were M17,M1 and M18,their genetic gain was15.05%-30.29%.According to growth performance and stability analysis,it was showed that the families M18 and M20 were suitable for cultivation at all the 3 test sites.The average biomass of the AGB was 31.38 kg,and the average Dg(e)was 0.88.[Conclusion]The growth of superior open-pollinated families of Q.acutissima will be affected by the interaction of site and family,and some superior families were selected for Q.acutissima plantation cultivation.