儿女趋同化:女儿角色变迁与家庭结构转变

The Assimilation of Children:the Change of Daughter's Role and the Change of Family Structure

在家庭转型的背景下,女性角色、地位的变化与提升是学界极为关注的学术问题和现实问题。通过实地调研发现,女儿在原生家庭中的角色定位发生了很大的变化,在家庭资源、家庭养老责任的分配、祭祀仪式的参与等方面,从明显与儿子不同发展到几乎与儿子相同,出现了儿女趋同化的现象。生育观念的转变改变了父代对女儿的情感依赖,经济自主性的提高增加了女儿对父代的经济反馈,居住空间的变化再造了父女之间的互动空间,是重构女儿在娘家角色转变的三重机制。这一系列家庭秩序的转变使得女儿具备与父代在情感、资源等方面互动的合法性,塑造了女儿与儿子近乎相同的权利和义务关系。儿女趋同化对家庭组织方式带来的影响形成了双系互动的“新直系家庭”结构。通过对女儿在娘家角色和地位的考察,窥探中国家庭现代化的发展趋势,以便对转型时期的中国农村家庭有更为深刻的认识与把握。

In the context of family transformation,the change and promotion of women's roles and status are academic and practical issues that are of great concern to the academic circle.Through field research,it is found that the daughter's role in the native family has undergone great changes.The distribution of family resources and family pension responsibilities and the participation in sacrificial rituals have changed from significantly different from sons to almost the same as sons.The children are assimilated.The change in the concept of fertility has changed the emotional dependence of fathers on their daughters;increased economic autonomy has increased daughters economic feedback to their fathers,and changes in living space have recreated the interaction space between fathers and their daughters.These are the triple mechanisms that lead to the transformation of daughters roles in the natal family.This series of changes in the family order enable daughters to have the legitimacy to interact with their parents in terms of emotions and resources,shaping the almost identical relationship of rights and obligations between daughters and sons.The“convergence of children”also has an impact on the way the family is organized,forming a dual-line interactive new direct family structure.Through the investigation of the daughter's role and status in her natal family,we can see the development trend of Chinese family modernization,so that we can have a deeper understanding and grasp of rural families in the transition period.