南海仲裁案中国在南海活动的合法性问题研究评述

Review of Literature on the South China Sea Arbitration Awards relating to the Legality of China’s Activities in the South China Sea

南海仲裁案仲裁庭2015年10月29日发布《关于管辖权和可受理性的裁决》,并于2016年7月12日就实体问题以及管辖权和可受理性剩余问题做出裁决后,国际学术界就对该裁决展开了密集的讨论。本文考察了在过去五年内(2016—2021)发表的约30篇学术论文和专著,这些文献均对菲律宾所提第8项至第14项诉求的实体问题展开了一定的法律分析或讨论。在对这些法律议题的不同观点进行分析、讨论后可知,国际学术界对与中国在南海活动的合法性问题相关的南海仲裁案所谓裁决(第8项至第14项诉求)颇有争议;与支持这些裁决的论述相比,大量的论述指出了这些裁决中存在的问题或错误。现有的学术争辩具有重要意义,因为中菲以外的其他国家在海洋法的相关领域开展国家实践时,可能会权衡并借鉴现有论述中的法律分析。

Since the South China Sea(SCS)Arbitral Tribunal rendered its Award on Jurisdiction and Admissibility on 29 October 2015 and its Award of 12 July 2016,the international academia has been discussing about the awards.This paper canvasses some 30 comprehensive research articles and monographs that provide legal reasoning or some discussion on the merits of the Philippines’Submissions No.8 to 14 and were published during the past five years(2016–2021).After analyzing and examining different views on these legal issues,this paper closes with the conclusion that the SCS Arbitration Awards relating to the legality of China’s activities in the SCS(Submissions No.8 to 14)are very controversial in the international academia.Compared with those that support the Awards,a number of papers point out the problems or errors existed in the Awards.The ongoing discussion and debate are very significant as it is likely that other States will be mindful of the legal analysis provided in existing literature when they develop their State practice in relevant areas of the law of the sea.