一次性施用减氮增磷钾配方肥对夏玉米产量和养分利用效率的影响

Effects of one-off fertilization of formula fertilizer with reducing N while increasing P and K on maize yield and nutrient use efficiency

为研究不同配方复合肥在夏玉米上一次性施用的效果,采用大田试验,设置30-5-5、33-5-8、28-7-9、27-7-12、28-11-10、29-6-10配方处理,分析其对玉米产量和构成因素、穗部性状、养分累积量、养分利用效率和经济效益的影响。结果显示,4个减氮增磷钾配方(28-7-9、27-7-12、28-11-10、29-6-10)玉米籽粒产量均超过10.5 t/hm^(2),比高氮配方33-5-8和30-5-5分别增产6.3%~9.5%和7.0%~10.2%。与2个高氮配方相比,其余4个减氮增磷钾配方均表现出玉米穗部秃尖长降低、缺粒数减少、结实率提高。减氮增磷钾配方的养分收获指数、内部利用效率和氮肥偏生产力高于高氮配方处理。减氮增磷钾配方的总收益和净收益比配方30-5-5增加4.6%~6.9%和6.1%~9.7%,比配方33-5-8增加9.3%~11.7%和19.3%~23.4%。结果表明,本研究条件下,夏玉米配方肥一次性施用时,减氮增磷钾配方的产量、养分利用效率和经济收益优于高氮配方的。

In order to study the effect of compound fertilizer of different formulations applied on summer maize at one time,a field experiment was conducted to analyze maize yield and component factors,ear traits,nutrient accumulation,nutrient utilization efficiency and economic benefits by setting 6 formulation treatments(30-5-5,33-5-8,28-7-9,27-7-12,28-11-10,29-6-10).The results show that the average yield of maize under different formulas(28-7-9,27-7-12,28-11-10,29-6-10)reaches 10.5 t/hm^(2),the two high-nitrogen formulas(33-5-8 and 30-5-5)have lower yields,and the other high phosphorus and/or potassium formulas can increase yields by 6.3%-9.5%and 7.0%-10.2%.Compared with the two high-N formulas,the length of bare tip,the number of missing grains and the seed setting rate of maize increased for the formula with high-P/K.In terms of nutrient utilization indexes,the nutrient harvest index and internal efficiency of the high-N formula were lower than those of other treatments.The total and net returns of the high-P/K formula increased by 4.6%-6.9%and 6.1%-9.4%compared to the 30-5-5 formula,and by 9.3%-11.7%and 19.3%-23.4%compared to the 33-5-8 formula.Under the conditions of this study,the yield,nutrient utilization efficiency and economic benefit of the formula with reducing N,increasing P and K were better than the high-N formula.