碳中和背景下我国新能源汽车发展竞争力的空间差异评价

Evaluation on Spatial Difference of Development Competitiveness of China’s New Energy Vehicles under Background of Carbon Neutralization

碳中和目标背景下,各省(区市)的电源结构决定了新能源汽车发展的碳减排优势。通过分析环境要素与能源、技术、经济、社会等因素相互驱动关系,运用DPSIR模型框架,建立新能源汽车发展竞争力综合评价矩阵,采用熵权-TOPSIS法对我国省际新能源汽车发展竞争力进行综合评价,对比分析省(区市)竞争力的主要贡献因素。研究表明:我国省(区市)新能源汽车竞争力空间地域差异明显,呈现“东部强、中西弱,局部跳跃”的格局;广东、北京的综合竞争力排名最靠前;竞争力较强的省(区市)各要素发挥都较均衡,而竞争力较弱的省(区市)贡献较大的要素集中在能源;社会需求是最稳健的影响因素。建议省(区市)间开展技术、清洁能源等要素开发利用合作,取长补短,提升新能源汽车在省(区市)高质量发展的竞争力;为实现碳中和目标,各省(区市)的新能源汽车市场推广速度要与本地竞争力要素发展的强弱相协调。

Under the background of carbon neutralization target,the power supply structure of all provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)determines the advantages of carbon emission reduction in the development of new energy vehicles.By analyzing the mutual driving relationship between environmental factors and the factors of energy,technology,economy and society,the author uses the DPSIR model framework to establish a comprehensive evaluation matrix for the development competitiveness of new energy vehicles and adopt the entropy TOPSIS method to comprehensively evaluate the development competitiveness of new energy vehicles and compare and analyze the main contributors of the competitiveness of all provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities).The results show that the spatial and regional differences in the competitiveness of new energy vehicles are obvious,showing a pattern of"strong in the east,weak in the middle and the west,and local jumping";the competitiveness of Guangdong and Beijing ranks the top;the elements of the provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)with strong competitiveness play a more balanced role,while the elements of the provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)with weak competitiveness are concentrated in energy;social demand is the most stable influencing factor.It is suggested that the provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)should carry out cooperation in the development and utilization of technology,energy cleaning and other factors,learn from each other,and enhance the competitiveness of new energy vehicles in the high-quality development of provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities);in order to achieve the goal of carbon neutralization,the market promotion speed of new energy vehicles in various regions should be coordinated with the development of local competitive elements.