明朝的教育腐败与治理措施

On Corruption in Education and Relevant Anti-corruption Measures in the Ming Dynasty

运用文献分析法,通过疏理有关明朝教育腐败和治理措施的研究文献,分析明朝教育腐败和治理状况。研究表明:明朝的教育腐败主要表现在官学领域;其主要原因是战争导致国家财政拮据、功名的诱惑驱使士子不择手段、统治者利用八股文禁锢思想、官吏凭借职权弄虚作假、党羽之争败坏教育风气和教育体制自身的缺陷;教育腐败导致生员泛滥、士风败坏、朋党之争加剧、教育空疏、读书人思想僵化、社会进步受阻;明朝采取了完善相关法律制度、严格考试审核程序、谨慎选拔提学官、淘汰不合格生员、施行教育监察职能等应对举措。

This paper analyzes corruption in education and relevant anti-corruption measures in the Ming Dynasty by sorting out the literature concerned.The results show that corruption in education in the Ming Dynasty is most common in the sector of state-run schools, which mainly attributes to the state’s financial constraints due to wars.It’s a time when scholars are obsessed with fame and fortune unscrupulously, whose minds are imprisoned by imperial rulers through stereotyped writing and officials scramble in internal strife for power.Corruption in education led to the proliferation of students, the corruption of scholarship, the aggravation of cronyism, scholars being rigid, and hindered social progress.The imperial court responded through the improvement of the relevant legal system, strict examination verification procedures, careful selection of officials, the elimination of students through competition as well as the implementation of educational supervision functions.