中国北方封闭式戏楼声学分析——以石家大院和天津市广东会馆为例

Acoustic Analysis of Closed Theatrical Buildings in Northern China--Taking Tianjin Shijia Courtyard and Guangdong Guild Hall as Examples

中国传统戏曲是民俗文化的重要组成部分。戏楼作为传统戏曲演出的主要场所,其声学特性的研究和保护十分值得关注。通过对典型的中国北方封闭式戏楼——石家大院和广东会馆进行测试和分析,研究此类建筑的声场特点,并对侧墙与顶棚进行了声线分析,对早期衰变时间(Early Decay Time,EDT)、混响时间(T_(30))和语言可懂度的空间分布进行了研究,同时通过脉冲响应进一步分析其声场特,探索混响时间与容积的关系。结果表明:北方封闭式戏楼早期反射声设计较少,其室内声场中扩散构件较多,吸声布置较少,两处戏楼厅堂的中频平均混响时间均为1 s左右,语言传输指数均为0.6左右;戏楼的混响时间随着容积的增加表现出对数增长的趋势。

Chinese traditional opera is an important part of folk culture.As the main place for traditional opera performance,the research and protection of its acoustic characteristics deserve great attention.By testing and analyzing the typical closed theatres in northern China-Shijia courtyard and Guangdong guild hall,this paper studies the sound field characteristics of such buildings,analyzes the sound line of side wall and ceiling,studies the spatial distribution of Early Decay Time(EDT),reverberation time(T30)and language intelligibility,and further analyzes the sound field characteristics through impulse response.In addition,the relationship between reverberation time and volume is explored.The results show that there are few early reflected sound designs in the closed theater in the north,there are more diffusion components in the indoor sound field and less sound absorption layout.The average intermediate frequency reverberation time of the two theater halls is about 1s and the language transmission index is about 0.6;The reverberation time of the theater shows a logarithmic growth trend with the increase of the volume.