空间生产视角下大运河文化遗产重生的过程与机制——以扬州运河三湾生态文化公园为例

Process and Mechanism of the Rebirth of the Grand Canal Cultural Heritage from the Perspective of Spatial Production:Take Sanwan Ecological and Cultural Park in Yangzhou as an Example

遗产重生是强化遗产价值认知、促进遗产保护与传承、增强和提升文化自信的重要课题,空间生产理论在审视社会空间形态与文化生产演化方面具有重要作用,为分析遗产重生的过程与机制提供了解读视角。大运河作为一类巨型的线性文化遗产,难以全景分析遗产格局状态和演化机制,针对其中节点开展空间生产演化研究,是揭示遗产重生过程与机制的基础性工作。以扬州运河三湾生态文化公园为例,运用土地利用变化指数模型和GIS技术,从空间形态层面刻画遗产重生的物理形变过程与特点,进一步通过查阅志书和访谈分析探究遗产文化生产变迁历程,从空间生产视角揭示遗产重生机制。结果表明:①遗产重生过程分为农居空间、工业空间以及生态文化空间三个阶段,每一阶段功能区布局和空间形态规律不一。②遗产空间形态的变化,反映了遗产地不同阶段文化脉络及空间生产方式与内容的差异化特征,空间嬗变具有不同属性的特征。③遗产空间在工业化阶段出现断层,而在生态文明建设指引下,空间生产的三元主体共同作用,推动了运河遗产重生。

The rebirth of heritage is an important topic for strengthening the perception of heritage value,promoting the protection and inheritance of heritage, and enhancing cultural self-confidence. Spatial production theory plays an important role in examining the social spatial form and the evolution of cultural production. This theory provides an interpretation perspective to analyze the process of heritage rebirth and its mechanism. As a huge and line-like cultural heritage, it is difficult to analyze the status and evolution mechanism of the Grand Canal. To carry out research on the evolution of space production at the nodes is the basic work to reveal the process and mechanism of heritage rebirth.Taking the Sanwan Ecological and Cultural Park in Yangzhou as an example, the paper uses the land use change index model and GIS technology to describe the physical deformation process and characteristics of the heritage rebirth from the spatial morphological level, further explores the cultural production changes of the heritage through the analysis of historical records and interviews,and reveals the rebirth mechanism of heritage from the perspective of space production.The results show that: 1) The heritage rebirth process is divided into three stages: rural residential space,industrial space,and ecological and cultural space. The layout of functional areas and spatial patterns in each stage are different. 2) The change in the spatial pattern of the heritage reflects the cultural context at different stages and the differentiation characteristics of spatial production mode and content,spatial evolution has characteristics of different attributes. 3) The heritage space was interrupted in the industrialization stage. Under the guidance of the construction of ecological civilization,the ternary subjects of space production collectively promote the rebirth of the canal heritage.