北京市房山区禽类猪类从业人群禽流感血清流行病学调查

Seroepidemiological survey of avian influenza among poultry and pigs workers in Fangshan district of Beijing from 2017 to 2019

目的了解北京市房山区禽类猪类从业人群禽流感血清流行病学特点,为制定防控措施提供科学依据。方法选取2017—2019年禽类猪类从业人群作为研究对象,开展问卷调查以及血液标本采集。采用北京市疾病预防控制中心统一下发的《人群血清流行病学监测调查问卷》,由调查员面对面访谈基本信息和暴露史情况。利用血凝抑制法检测血清抗体滴度,结合问卷信息计算血清抗体阳性率以多因素Logistic回归分析影响因素。结果共调查740人,禽流感血清阳性率为4.05%(30/740),单因素分析显示,不同年度(χ^(2)=4.899)、性别(χ^(2)=0.397)、年龄组(χ^(2)=0.644)和是否有基础疾病(χ^(2)=3.301)阳性率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同居住地(χ^(2)=8.183)和职业人群(χ^(2)=21.614)阳性率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,50岁及以上组(OR=2.286)、患有基础性疾病(OR=1.912)、居住在半山区(OR=6.656)和山区(OR=3.821)、在大型养猪厂工作(OR=3.969)是人感染禽流感病毒的危险因素。结论房山区禽类猪类相关从业人员存在感染禽流感病毒的风险;应加强针对性的健康教育,同时加强健康监测和血清学监测,有效控制禽流感危害。

Objective To investigate the seroepidemiological characteristics of avian influenza in the poultry and pigs workers in Fangshan district of Beijing,and provide scientific basis for formulating the prevention and control measures.Methods The poultry and pigs workers were selected as the research objects from 2017 to 2019 for carrying out questionnaire survey and drawing blood samples.The Seroepidemiological Surveillance Questionnaire in the Population issued by Beijing municipal center for disease control and prevention was taken to carry out the face to face interview and collect basic information and exposure history.The serum antibody titer tested with hemagglutination inhibition method and the questionnaire information were used to calculate the positive rate of blood antibodies,the influencing factors were analyzed and with multivariate logistic regression.Results Totally 740 people were surveyed with the positive rate of avian influenza of 4.05%(30/740).The results of the univariate analysis showed there were no statistical differences(P>0.05)in the different years(χ^(2)=4.899),genders(χ^(2)=0.397),age groups(χ^(2)=0.644)and existence or nonexistence of underlying disease(χ^(2)=3.301).There were statistical differences(P<0.05)in the different places of residence(χ^(2)=8.183)and the different occupation(χ^(2)=21.614).The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the age of 50 years old and above(OR=2.286),having underlying diseases(OR=1.912),living in the semi-mountainous(OR=6.656)and the mountainous area(OR=3.821)and working in the large pig farms(OR=3.969)were the risk factor of avian influenza virus infection in human.Conclusions There are risks of avian influenza virus infection in poultry and pigs workers in Fangshan district.The targeted health education,health surveillance and serological monitor should be strengthened for effectively controlling the hazards of avian influenza.