马什《人与自然》的森林保护思想研究

The Thought of Forest Protection in Man and Nature

美国学者乔治·马什于1864年出版的《人与自然》以美国西进运动为背景、以资本主义工业的发展为脉络,蕴含了丰富的森林保护思想。马什在《人与自然》中详细介绍了森林的效用、人与森林的关系以及人类要合理利用森林等,以人与自然的关系为中心,生动地阐述了人类活动对森林的破坏及其危害性,并提出了人类应该保护森林的思想。马什不仅推动了美国森林资源保护运动的兴起与发展,而且其森林保护思想对今天我们认识人与森林之间的关系具有一定的借鉴意义。马什的森林保护思想启示我们:人类要尊重森林、敬畏森林、保护森林,实现人与森林的和谐相处。马什为当时人类对自然的认识提供了新的视角,《人与自然》的森林保护思想有助于分析森林保护的必要性和中国当前森林生态环境的现状并提出保护森林的对策。

Man and Nature, published by American scholar George Marsh in 1864, took the westward movement of the United States as the background, took the development of capitalist industry as the context, and contained rich ideas of forest protection. In Man and Nature, Marsh introduced the utility of the forest, the relationship between man and the forest and the rational use of the forest by human beings in detail. Focusing on the relationship between man and nature, Marsh vividly expounded the destruction and harmfulness of human activities to the forest, and put forward the idea that human beings should protect the forest. Marsh promoted the rise and development of the forest resources conservation movement in the United States, and his forest protection thought has a certain reference significance for us to understand the relationship between human and forest today. Marsh enlightens us that human beings should respect the forest, fear the forest, protect the forest, and realize the harmonious coexistence between man and the forest. Marsh provided a new perspective for human understanding of nature at that time, Marsh’s forest protection thought of Man and Nature is helpful to analyze the necessity of forest protection and the present situation of forest ecological environment in China and put forward suggestions and countermeasures for forest protection in China.