基于全域教育理念下的幼儿园户外景观规划设计

Kindergarten Outdoor Landscape Planning and Design Based on the Concept of Comprehensive Education

幼儿园户外空间是开展幼儿全域教育的重要场地,通过查阅文献、专家访谈和层次分析法,分析幼儿园户外景观的组成类别和具体构成要素对幼儿五大领域的支持度,并计算要素权重。结果表明,幼儿园户外景观要素分为2个一级要素,16个二级要素。在一级要素中,自然教育类景观对幼儿开展五大学习领域的支持度大于活动设施类景观;二级要素中,Ⅰ级(W>0.05)要素共8个,Ⅱ级要素(0.01≤W≤0.05)共7个,Ⅲ级要素(W<0.01)要素1个。基于全域教育理念,提出幼儿园户外景观规划设计应整合处理,并考虑幼儿各领域活动有机融合的具体策略。

Outdoor spaces of kindergartens are important places for children to receive comprehensive education.Through literature review,expert interview and Analytic Hierarchy Process,this paper analyzes the support degree of categories and specific elements of outdoor landscapes in kindergartens for five learning fields of children,and calculates the element weights.The results show that,kindergarten outdoor landscape can be divided into 2 first level elements and 16 second level elements.Among the first level elements,natural education landscape is more supportive for children to develop five learning fields than activity facilities landscape.Among the second level elements,there are 8 elements in gradeⅠ(W>0.05),7 elements in gradeⅡ(0.01≤W≤0.05)and 1 element in gradeⅢ(W<0.01).Based on the concept of comprehensive education,the paper proposes that the planning and design of kindergarten outdoor landscape should be integrated,and consider specific strategies of the organic integration of children’s activities in various fields.