黄曲霉对花生和玉米的侵染研究

Study on Aspergillus flavus infection in maize and peanut

黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)极易侵染花生、玉米等多种农作物,并且在侵染后产生具有致癌、致畸、致突变作用的有毒代谢产物——黄曲霉毒素。黄曲霉的侵染和黄曲霉毒素污染不仅发生在作物生长环节,而且在收获、干燥、储运等过程也会发生,严重威胁农产品消费安全和人畜生命健康。因此,解析黄曲霉对粮油作物的侵染过程及侵染机制对黄曲霉抗性品种选育、黄曲霉毒素污染预警与源头防控策略研发等具有重要意义。本文从黄曲霉侵染循环、定殖位点、侵染过程、影响因素、侵染机制等方面对花生、玉米中黄曲霉侵染过程及分子机制进行综述,为农产品黄曲霉及黄曲霉毒素污染防控提供理论支撑。

Aspergillus flavus is an opportunistic pathogen of ascomycetes,which can causes diseases on several important agricultural crops,especially peanut and maize.This fungus has the potential to produce a toxic metabolite known as aflatoxin,with carcinogenic,teratogenic and mutagenic effects to humans.A.flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination occur not only during the growing season,but also in the process of harvesting,drying,storage and transportation,which has a great impact on the safety of agricultural products and human health.Therefore,it is of great significance to analyze the infection process and molecular mechanism of A.flavus on grain and oil crops,which is benefit for resistant varieties breeding,the early warning and source control of aflatoxin contamination.This review summarized the infective process and molecular mechanism of A.flavus in peanut and maize,focusing on infection cycle,colonization site,infection process,influencing factors and infection mechanism of A.flavus.The purpose is to provide theoretical support for the prevention and control of aflatoxin contamination in agricultural products.