七种木本植物水分胁迫的适应性研究

Adaptability of Seven Woody Plants under Water Stress

为探究7种耐水湿木本植物在湿地环境中水适应性,采用箱体控水设置3种土壤水分梯度(K1:湿润、K2:淹水3 cm、K3:干旱),研究水分胁迫对植物光合生理指标与生长形态的影响。结果表明:蒲桃(Syzygium jambos)和木槿(Hibiscus syriacus)的Pn、Gs和Ci在K1、K3下差异不显著,Pn、Gs在K1下显著高于K2和K3,Ci在K1下则显著低于K2和K3;红花玉蕊(Barringtonia racemosa)、串钱柳(Callistemon viminalis)、对叶榕(Ficus hispida)、铁冬青(Ilex rotunda)和木芙蓉(Hibiscus mutabilis)的Pn、Gs和Ci在K1、K2下差异均不显著,而K1、K2下的Pn、Gs则显著高于K3,Ci显著低于K3。从形态特征来看,蒲桃和木槿仅在K1下长势良好,其余5种植物则仅K1、K2下整体生长状况良好。综合分析表明,木槿和蒲桃的耐湿能力较好但耐淹耐旱能力较弱,适宜水岸交界处或者水湿交替变化的环境,其余5种植物耐湿耐淹能力较好但耐旱性不足,适合种植在湿地短期浅水淹地带。

In order to explore the water adaptability of 7 water-tolerant woody plants in the wetland environment,three soil water gradients(K1:humid,K2:flooded 3 cm,K3:drought)were used to control water in a box to study the effects of water stress on plant physiological indicators and growth morphology.The results showed that Pn,Gs and Ci of Syzygium jambos and Hibiscus syriacus were not significantly different under K1 and K3.Pn and Gs under K1 were significantly higher than K2 and K3,and Ci was significantly lower than K2 and K3.Pn,Gs and Ci of Barringtonia racemosa、Callistemon viminalis、Ficus hispida、Ilex rotunda and Hibiscus mutabilis under K1,K2 were not significantly different,while Pn and Gs were significantly higher than K3,and Ci was significantly lower than K3.In terms of morphological characteristics,roseapple and hibiscus grew well only under K1,while the other five plants only grew well under K1 and K2.Comprehensive analysis showed that Syzygium jambos and Hibiscus syriacus have good moisture tolerance but weak flood and drought tolerance.They are suitable for water-bank junctions or environments where water and wetness alternately change.The other 5 species have good moisture tolerance but insufficient drought tolerance,which is suitable for short-term shallow flooded areas of planting wetlands.