宫颈癌根治术后盆底功能变化及康复治疗进展

Progress of pelvic floor function changes and rehabilitation treatment after radical resection of cervical cancer

宫颈癌是女性宫颈上皮组织异常增生引起的恶性肿瘤性疾病,是妇科最常见的恶性肿瘤性疾病之一。引起宫颈癌的原因目前尚不明确,相关研究显示,多种因素会增加发病风险,且其发病有年轻化趋势。宫颈细胞学筛查的普遍应用,使宫颈癌和癌前病变得以早期发现和治疗,宫颈癌的发病率和死亡率已有明显下降。宫颈癌根治术是治疗早期宫颈癌的一种标准方案,然而该手术对患者造成的损伤较大。该手术引起的神经、组织及血管的损伤,将导致患者在手术后出现直肠、膀胱及性功能等方面的障碍。临床研究发现,宫颈癌根治术后女性盆底功能康复方法包括盆底肌锻炼、中医治疗、生物反馈电刺激治疗等。通过专业安全的康复治疗手段,对于绝大部分宫颈癌根治术后患者,可以有效恢复盆底功能,提高患者的生活质量。本文分析了宫颈癌根治术后盆底功能变化,并对术后盆底功能的康复治疗进展进行综述,为宫颈癌根治术后盆底功能障碍患者临床治疗及预后提供帮助。

Cervical cancer is a malignant disease caused by abnormal hyperplasia of cervical epithelial tissue in women.It is one of the most common malignant diseases in gynecology.The cause of cervical cancer is still unclear.Relevant studies show that a variety of factors will increase the risk of cervical cancer and its incidence tends to be younger.Cervical cytology screening has been widely applied,which has made cervical cancer and precancerous lesions can be discovered and treated early.The incidence rate and mortality rate of cervical cancer have decreased significantly.Radical resection of cervical cancer is a standard scheme for the treatment of early cervical cancer,but it causes great damage to patients.The injury of nerves,tissues and blood vessels caused by the operation will lead to the obstruction of rectum,bladder and sexual function after the operation.Clinical studies have found that the rehabilitation methods of female pelvic floor function after radical resection of cervical cancer include pelvic floor muscle exercise,traditional Chinese medicine treatment,biofeedback electrical stimulation treatment and so on.Through professional and safe rehabilitation treatment,it can effectively restore the pelvic floor function and improve the quality of life of most patients after radical hysterectomy.This paper analyzes the changes of pelvic floor function after radical operation of cervical cancer,and summarizes the progress of rehabilitation treatment of pelvic floor function after radical operation of cervical cancer,so as to provide help for clinical treatment and prognosis of patients with pelvic floor dysfunction after radical operation of cervical cancer.