四川省自然保护区时空分布与影响因素

Spatial and temporal distribution and influencing factors of nature reserves in Sichuan Province

自然保护区是为保护具有代表性的生态系统和濒危动植物而划分的特定区域,在涵养水土,防风固沙、净化空气、保护生物多样性等方面发挥着重要作用。四川省有自然保护区166处,类型丰富多样,是中国自然保护地体系的重要组成部分,其保护对象涵盖珍稀动植物,保护功能涉及物种、水源和生态环境,与国家地质公园、湿地公园、森林公园等共同维系着中国西南地区,乃至青藏高原东缘的生态系统。因此,研究四川省自然保护区的空间分布格局及其影响因素具有重要的价值和意义。运用地理空间分析方法对1963—2018年间四川省自然保护区的空间分布和影响因素进行了研究。研究发现:①四川省自然保护区空间分布的总体特征以集聚为主,呈现集聚-随机-集聚的变化特征,且前期变化幅度大,后期变化幅度小,总体发展明显分为1963—1998年的单核形成与发展阶段和1998—2018年的双核阶段;②四川省自然保护区主要分布在成都平原向川西高原的过渡区域,其均衡度类型在时间上表现出由“差距悬殊”到“差距较大”的演变特征;③四川省自然保护区的重心活动范围相对较小,基本稳定在阿坝州南部。标准差椭圆的长短半轴和面积均变化强烈,总体呈现出大幅度的增长,空间分布由南-北向演变为东北-西南向;④自然保护区受到自然因素和社会因素的双重影响,高密度区域分布在地势适中、气候温和、河流众多、土壤肥沃、人口稀少的阿坝州南部与东部地区。未来,四川省生态功能建设应该立足国家公园、自然保护区和自然公园的特点、分布状况,对自然保护区分布较少的川西北、川东北和川南部分地区进行优化布局,以加强这些地区的生态功能建设。同时,探索自然保护区的发展模式,实现自然保护区与周边区域社会经济的协调发展。

Nature reserves are specific areas set aside to protect representative ecosystems,endangered flora and fauna,and play an important role in nourishing water and soil,preventing wind and sand,purifying the air and protecting biodiversity.There are 166 nature reserves in Sichuan province,whose protection objects cover rare flora and fauna,and whose protection functions involve species,water sources and ecological environment.They are not only an important part of China′s nature reserve system,but also work together with national geological parks,wetland parks and forest parks to maintain the ecosystems of southwest China,and even the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau.Therefore,studying the spatial distribution pattern and influencing factors of natural reserves in Sichuan Province has important value and significance.The spatial distribution and influencing factors of nature reserves in Sichuan Province during 1963—2018 were studied using geospatial analysis.The results show that:①the overall characteristics of the spatial distribution of nature reserves in Sichuan Province are mainly agglomerative,showing the characteristics of agglomeration-random-agglomeration change,and there was a large change in the early phase and a small change in the later phase.The overall development is clearly divided into a single nucleus formation and development phase from 1963—1988 and a single to dual nucleus evolution phase from 1998—2018.②Nature reserves in Sichuan Province are mainly located in the transition area from the Chengdu Plain to the western Sichuan Plateau,and their equilibrium types show a temporal evolution from"great disparity"to"wide disparity".③The gravity center migration of nature reserves in Sichuan Province shows a repeated migration process of south-north-south,but the overall migration is southward.The area of the standard deviation ellipse increases overall,and the direction changes from south-north to east-west.④The high density of nature reserves is mainly the southern and eastern parts of Aba Prefecture,which have moderate terrain,mild climate,numerous rivers,fertile soil and sparse population.In the future,the ecological function construction of Sichuan Province should be based on the characteristics and distribution of national parks,nature reserves and natural parks,and optimize the layout of some areas in northwest,northeast and South Sichuan with less natural reserves to strengthen the ecological function construction.At the same time,the development model of nature reserves should be explored to achieve the coordinated development of nature reserves and the social economy of the surrounding areas.