新冠病毒变异株奥密克戎的变异特点及对免疫学特性的影响

Genomic variation characteristics and immunological effects of a novel SARS-CoV-2 variant,Omicron

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)新变异株奥密克戎(Omicron)的出现加剧了新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情的传播。奥密克戎变异株首先在非洲发现,Pango lineage进化分类系统将该变异株划分为B.1.1.529变异株,世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)将该变异株确定为"关切病毒株",命名为Omicron变异株。与以前的"关切病毒株"相比,奥密克戎变异株突变位点多,传播速度快,在感染性和免疫学特性上都有很大的变化,存在着免疫逃逸和突破现有疫苗免疫保护作用的风险。在被发现以来的一个多月时间内,该变异株已在全球77个国家和地区迅速传播,引起了全球的广泛关注。文章就奥密克戎变异株发现过程、流行现状、变异特点、免疫逃逸及防控策略等进行概述。

The emergence of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)variant,Omicron,has intensified the spread of the global coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.The new variant,Omicron,was first identified in Africa,which was classified as B.1.1.529 on the Pango lineage evolutionary classification system.World Health Organization(WHO)designated the variant as a Variant of Concern(VOC)and named it as Omicron variant.Omicron contains a lot of mutations and spreads faster compared with other previous identified VOC variants.Omicron has great changes in infectivity and immunity,and it’s possible to have the risk of immune escape and breaking through the immune protection effect of current vaccines.Within about a month since it was discoved,omicron has spread rapidly across 77 countries and regions,which has attracted extensive attention worldwide.This review briefly describes the discovery process,epidemiology,genomic mutation characteristics,immune escape,prevention and control strategies of Omicron variant.