聚醚酮酮及其复合材料用于骨科植入物的研究进展

Research progress of polyetherketoneketone and its composites for orthopedic implant materials

聚醚酮酮(polyetherketoneketone,PEKK)是一种在主链结构中含有两个酮键和一个醚键的重复单元的半晶体线性热塑性聚合物,具有接近人体天然骨的弹性模量、生物相容性和良好的化学稳定性、射线可透性、与MRI兼容等优点,是制备骨科植入物的新型生物材料,但其表面疏水性及生物惰性限制了其应用。通过特定的材料制备工艺制造出既能保留甚至提升PEKK原有性能又能提高其骨生物活性的复合材料是当前骨科植入物的研究热点。PEKK复合生物陶瓷(如羟基磷灰石、氮化硅)以及生物相容较好的金属(如钽、铝和钛)制备的复合材料,不仅保持了与人体骨骼相似的弹性模量、提升了硬度,还改善了生物相容性、增加了抑菌性能及促进骨整合等能力,在骨科植入物领域非常有发展潜力。通过检索PubMed、Embase、ScienceDirect、中国知网及万方数据库中有关PEKK及其复合材料在生物医学领域中的应用研究,分析近年来PEKK及经过不同改性策略(如掺杂混合物改性、表面磺化改性、3D打印以及表面沉积技术处理等方法)的复合材料的特性、优势及不足,为制备满足临床需求的具有多种功能的骨科植入物提供参考。

Polyetherketoneketone(PEKK)is a semi-crystalline linear thermoplastic polymer with two ketone bonds and one ether bond in the main chain structure.It has many advantages such as elastic modulus close to that of natural human bone,biocompatibility,good chemical stability,radiolucency,compatibility with MRI,etc,which make it a new biomaterial for the production of orthopedic implants.The development of PEKK composites with better bone bioactivity without compromising the original properties of PEKK through special material preparation processes has become a hotspot.PEKK composites are made by combining biological ceramics(hydroxyapatite,silicon nitride)and metals with good biocompatibility(aluminum,tantalum and titanium).These composites not only retain the elastic modulus similar to that of human bone,but also improve hardness,biocompatibility,antibacterial properties,and bone integration ability,and thus have great potential in the field of orthopedic implants.The application of PEKK and its composites in the orthopedic field was searched in PubMed,Embase,ScienceDirect,CNKI and Wanfang databases.The properties advantages and disadvantages of PEKK and its composite materials modified by various methods in the recnt years(e.g.modification doping mixture,modification of the surface by sulfonation,3D printing and treatment by surface deposition)were analyzed to provide a reference for the preparation clinically usable orthopedic implants with different functions.