基于职业锚理论的大学生创业动机实证研究

An Empirical Study on College Students'Entrepreneurial Motivation Based on Career Anchor Theory

大学生想创业,必须明晰是否适合选择创业,并确立科学的创业动机。文章基于职业锚理论,实证研究大学生创业动机和职业锚倾向,研究表明,大学生创客中五类职业锚倾向的特征显著:创业/创造型、挑战型、自主/独立型、技术/职能型和生活型。各类型的创业动机有:实现自我价值、挑战自我、快速积累财富、实现就业等,总体呈现多元、复合、积极的特征。大学生创客中,家庭经济好和一般的群体占比约为1∶1,说明家庭经济条件不是制约创业选择的决定性因素。调查对象普遍认为,创业能力是影响大学生是否选择创业的决定性因素;大学生创客创业实践中,要突出诚信、能吃苦、责任心等创业品质和创业能力的培养。

If college students want to start a business, they must know whether they are suitable for entrepreneurship, and must have a scientific motivation. This article empirically studies college students’ entrepreneurial motivation and career anchor tendency based on career anchor theory. The research results show that among college student entrepreneurs, five types of career anchor are significant, which are: entrepreneurial/creative type, pure challenge type, independence type, technical/functional type and lifestyle type. The entrepreneurial motives of above types are: realizing self-worth, challenging self, rapidly accumulating wealth and accomplishing employment, etc. On the whole, they all show diversified, compound and positive characteristics. Among the college student entrepreneurs in the research, the proportion of groups with good family economy and those with general family economy is about 1:1, indicating that family economic conditions are not the decisive factor for entrepreneurial choice. Respondents generally believe that entrepreneurial ability is the decisive factor that determines whether college students choose to start a business or not. In the entrepreneurial practice of college student entrepreneurs, we should highlight the cultivation of entrepreneurial qualities and entrepreneurial abilities such as integrity, endurance, and sense of responsibility.