DEPA数据安全规则解析及对中国的启示——基于和CPTPP/USMCA/RCEP的比对

Analysis on data security rules in DEPA and its implication to China——based on comparison with CPTPP/USMCA/RCEP

构建数据安全规则是推进全球数字贸易治理的重要关切,中国申请加入《数字经济伙伴关系协定》(DEPA)后,需要在RTAs框架下,基于数据安全视角对DEPA进行规则解析。采用自然语言识别法梳理DEPA数据安全规则体系,针对数据安全核心议题——跨境数据自由流动、数据存储非强制本地化、个人信息保护等,结合“特定规则”和“一般性规则”分析,通过文本比较评析DEPA和CPTTP、USMCA、RCEP等既有协定在这些议题上的覆盖范围、承诺深度的趋同和分歧。研究认为,DEPA针对跨境数据自由流动和数据存储非强制本地化所构建的规则,在推动数据流动自由化和保留自主监管空间两方面都处于中游水平;DEPA的个人信息保护覆盖范围比较广泛,特别强调数据保护可信任标志的使用。中国申请加入DEPA能够推动中国和DEPA在数据流动等议题上进一步确定和磋商,推进中国参与国际层面规则构建的进程、完善国内法律法规的有关规制,对中国申请加入CPTPP乃至其他RTAs协议的谈判都有积极作用,能够提高中国在数字贸易治理中的国际影响力。

Establishing data security rules is an important concern for advancing global digital trade governance.After China has applied to join the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement(DEPA),it is necessary to analyze the rules of DEPA from the perspective of data security under the framework of RTAs.Therefore,the natural language recognition method is used to sort out the DEPA data security rule system.Focusing on the core data security issues including“free flow of cross-border data”,“unforced data storage localization”and“personal information protection”,text comparison based on the study on“specific rules”and“general rules”is used to analyze the convergence and divergence of commitment coverage and depth between DEPA and existing agreements including CPTTP,USMCA and RCEP.According to this research,the DEPA rules on“free flow of cross-border data”and“unforced data storage localization”are in the middle level in promoting the liberalization of data flow and preserving the space for autonomous regulation.The scope of DEPA s“personal information protection”is relatively broad,with special emphasis on the use of the“data protection trust mark”.China s application to join DEPA can promote China and DEPA to further determine and negotiate on issues such as data flow,promote the construction of China s international rules and improve the relevant regulations of domestic laws and rules,exert a positive effect on China s application to join the CPTPP and even on the negotiation of other RTAs,and can enhance China s international influence in digital trade governance.