矮化苹果重茬建园的调查和建议

Investigations and Suggestions on Re-planting Orchards Construction of Dwarf Apple

随着当地果业不断发展壮大,涌现出了一些果业农民专业合作社,村集体经济合作组织等,通过流转土地开始发展矮化苹果栽培,取得一定的规模及效益。但在生产中也出现了一些问题,比如园地选择不当、品种选择不优、土壤处理不彻底、水肥条件不优越、集体产业园缺资金、技术力量比较薄弱、果园机械化程度低等,面对这些问题,通过深入调查村集体产业园和果业农民专业合作社的重茬新建园管理情况,也提出了发展建议:选择合理地块,彻底处理土壤,而再栽植果树,选择适宜当地推广的苹果优良品种,并搭配授粉品种,加强肥水管理,采取集约栽培模式,同时加强职业农民培养,提高果园机械化程度,以促进矮化苹果园的发展。

With the continuous development and expansion of local fruit industry,some specialized cooperatives of fruit farmers and village collective economic cooperation organizations have emerged.Through the transfer of land,dwarf apple cultivation has begun to develop,and certain scale and benefits have been achieved.However,there are also some problems in production,such as improper orchard and cultivar selection,poor soil treatment and fertilizer conditions,lack of funds,weak technique,and low degree of orchard mechanization.In the face of these problems,through in-depth investigation of the management of the village collective industrial park and the new orchard of the fruit growers’professional cooperatives,the development suggestions were put forward such as selecting reasonable plots,the soil must be dealt with firstly,which could effectively control a variety of pathogenic fungi,bacteria,nematodes and weeds in the soil,and then plant fruit trees,select apple cultivars suitable for local promotion and cooperate with pollination cultivars to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water,adopt intensive cultivation mode,strengthen the cultivation of professional farmers,improve the orchard mechanization,in order to promote the development of dwarf apple orchard.