九一八事变后国际联盟对东北海关的聚焦与日本的应对——以李顿调查团为视角的考察

The League of Nations’Focus on the Northeast Customs and Japan’s Response after the Mukden Incident——Investigation from the Perspective of the Lytton Commission

九一八事变后,南京国民政府将日本侵略控诉至国际联盟,提议派遣调查团来华调查中日冲突的责任。东北海关牵涉西方大国利益,在合力驱动下,李顿调查团对此问题始终关注。不仅通过西方在华人士、中方人士以及伪满洲国官员三个层面全面了解信息,还向日方顾问提及国际社会希望日本在东北海关问题上保持冷静,但这未被日本接受,中国海关统一性最终遭到破坏。调查团没有权力处置“见解不同”的日本当局,但有权力将东北海关问题写入《国联调查团报告书》。《报告书》在“满洲国”这一章中拿出较长篇幅陈述“东北海关”问题,相关措辞对日本不利,引起日方强烈不满。国际联盟在审议环节基本采纳《报告书》的内容,日本经强辩无效后选择退出国联,以激进的方式自绝于国际社会,走向法西斯道路,最终自食战败的苦果。

After Mukden Incident occurred,the Nanjing National Government sued Japan’s aggression to the League of Nations and proposed to send an investigation team to China to investigate the responsibilities of the Sino-Japanese conflict.The Northeast Customs involves the interests of Western powers.In the resultant tendency,the Lytton Commission is always concerned about this issue.It not only has a comprehensive understanding of the information through three levels of Westerners in China,Chinese officials,and officials from the Manchurian,but also mentioned to the Japanese consultant that the international community wanted Japan to keep calm on the Northeast Customs issue.However,it was not accepted and ultimately failed to change the reality that the unity of China’s customs was destroyed.In the face of the Japanese authorities with“different opinions”,the Lytton Commission did not have the power to deal with it,but it eventually wrote them into the Report of the League of Nations Commission.The report contained a longer length on“Customs”in the chapter of“Manchukuo”.The relevant wording was unfavorable for Japan,and the Japanese side was strongly dissatisfied with this.The League of Nations generally adopted the report during the deliberations.After the debate was invalidated,Japan withdrew from the League of Nations,went further down the road of fascism and finally reaped the bitter fruits of defeat.