摘要
近年来,地面激光扫描在喀斯特洞穴领域的应用与研究日益广泛,其高精度测量与多样化的成果表达方式相较于传统手段优势明显。它不仅可以全方位记录洞穴要素并进行虚拟化展示,还可以构建洞道和沉积景观模型,最为关键的是毫米级的误差精度对于喀斯特洞穴空间形态计量研究有着革命性的突破,那么该如何通过海量点云精确绘制洞穴图并对洞穴要素进行制图表达成为首要解决的问题。本文以贵州潜龙洞为例,通过对三维激光点云进行处理,辅以第三方软件绘制潜龙洞平面图、剖面图和横断面图,并对洞穴要素图像化自动提取与制图表达进行探讨,对于提高洞穴制图精度、规范洞穴制图标准、科学构建洞穴地理空间数据库以及指导洞穴合理规划与开发等方面将有着重要意义。
The precision of cave surveying and mapping has always been the focus of the industry.In recent years,the study and application of terrestrial laser scanning in the field of karst caves has been increasingly wide⁃spread.Compared with traditional methods,its millimeter-level error accuracy and diversified results expression have obvious advantages,which will have a revolutionary breakthrough in improving cave mapping accuracy,strengthening the measurement of cave spatial morpholog,constructing cave geospatial database,and guiding ra⁃tional planning and development of cave.Although the information of cave 3D results is rich and diverse,accurate cave maps have always been the basis for understanding the development and evolution of caves,and they still play an irreplaceable role.Then,how to accurately draw cave maps and express cave elements through massive point clouds has become the primary problem to be solved.Therefore,this paper takes Qianlong cave in Guizhou province as an example,through the processing of the 3D laser point cloud,supplemented by third-party software to draw the plan view,profile view and cross-section view of Qianlong cave,and discusses the automatic extrac⁃tion form slice image and cartographic expression of cave elements,forming the following understandings,(1)Terrestrial laser scanning observes the entire cave structure from the perspective of God,the extraction of the over⁃all tunnel boundary will be more accurate,and the feature information of any location can be obtained.In terms of cave pattern construction and element expression,it not only the inherits the traditional ways,but also makes new breakthroughs.(2)The software and hardware requirements of karst cave mapping based on terrestrial laser scan⁃ning are more complicated than traditional methods.In addition to the expensive equipment for point cloud data col⁃lection,interactive mapping with multiple software platforms puts forward higher technical requirements for postprocessing data.It is urgent to standardize a set of software platforms and standards for 3D cave mapping based on terrestrial laser scanning and unified delivery of results.(3)Not all karst caves require 3D laser scanning measure⁃ments,and karst cave measurement should be selected on the basis of actual needs.For general or initial exploration caves,considering the cost factors and taking into account the accuracy requirements,it is recommended to use method of paperless cave measurement.For Tourist caves or caves with high resource landscape value,it is recom⁃mended to use 3D laser scanning.There is a general trend that the equipment will be miniaturized and more suit⁃able for cave surveying and mapping in the future.(4)The combined application of terrestrial laser scanning and UAV aerial photogrammetry technology in the field of karst cave surveying and mapping is the focus of the next breakthrough in cave surveying work.It can effectively realize the fusion of surface and underground 3D spatial in⁃formation,which will greatly expand and enrich speleological research and its application value.
作者
周文龙
高占冬
李辉
李坡
贺卫
熊康宁
ZHOU Wenlong;GAO Zhandong;LI Hui;LI Po;HE Wei;XIONG Kangning(Guizhou Institute of Mountain Resource,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001,China;Guizhou Provincial Karst Cave Resources Development and Utilization of Engineering and Technology Research Center,Guiyang Guizhou 550001,China;The Third Institute of Surveying and Mapping of Guizhou Province,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001,China;School of Karst Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001,China)
出处
《中国岩溶》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期153-164,共12页
Carsologica Sinica
基金
贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2017]2871号)
国家“十三五”重点研发计划子课题(2016YFC0502606-011)
贵州省教育厅工程研究中心项目(黔教合KY字[2017]025)。
关键词
洞穴测绘
地面激光扫描
平面制图
潜龙洞
喀斯特洞穴
cave surveying and mapping
terrestrial laser scanning
graphic drawing
Qianlong cave
karst cave