立法原意下的监察对象范围及界定——从法法衔接的角度

Scope and Definition of Supervisory Object Under the Legislative Intent——From the Perspective of Linkage Between Legal Documents

监察对象的范围及界定,是一个涉及监察的精准性、统一性、政策性、严肃性的重大理论和实践问题。《监察法》有关监察对象范围的条文存在表述不够清晰和精确的问题。限于监察法规必须“根据法律”,《监察法实施条例》无权对《监察法》的规定做任何改变,只能对《监察法》规定的监察对象通过说明和列举作细化。但细化式的说明缺乏原理性指引且列举难以穷尽,因此仍亟需通过进一步的理论研究,为监察工作中监察对象的识别提供认识方法和理论指引,以准确反映《监察法》的立法原意,并指引列举之外的情形下《监察法》的正确适用。以《宪法》和《监察法》规定的监察机关的性质和任务为理解监察对象范围的根本指针,可以解读出《监察法》所隐含的监察对象的识别标准,还原出相关条款背后的立法原意。在此基础上,从《监察法》与《公务员法》《刑法》相互衔接的角度,通过完善《监察法》的立法表述,可以实现《监察法》对监察对象范围及界定的精确化和清晰化。

The scope and definition of supervisory object is a major theoretical and practical problem involving the precision,unity,policy and seriousness of supervision.The provisions of The Law on Supervision concerning the scope of the supervisory object are not sufficiently clear and precise.As The Law on Supervision must be“in accordance with the laws”,The Regulations on the Implementation of the Law on Supervision does not have the power to make any changes to the provisions of The Law on Supervision,but can only refine the supervisory object provided for in The Law on Supervision through descriptions and enumeration.However,the detailed descriptions lack principle guidance and the enumeration is not exhaustive.Therefore,further theoretical research is still urgently needed to provide a method of understanding and theoretical guidance for the identification of the supervisory object in supervision work,so as to accurately reflect the legislative intent of The Law on Supervision and guide the correct application of The Law on Supervision in situations other than those enumerated.Taking the nature and task of the supervisory organs specified in The Constitution and The Law on Supervision as the basic guideline to understand the scope of supervisory object,we can interpret the identification standard of the supervisory object implied by The Law on Supervision and restore the legislative intent of relevant provisions.On this basis,from the perspective of the linkage between The Law on Supervision,The Law on Civil Servant and The Criminal Law,the precision and definiteness of the scope and definition of supervision object in The Law on Supervision can be realized by improving the legislative expressions in The Law on Supervision.