集体行动视角下新冠肺炎病毒疫苗的国际合作:理论逻辑、现实难题与解决策略

Belt and Road Health Governance Mechanism:Status Quo,Challenges and Solutions

新冠肺炎病毒疫苗产品的国际合作是全球抗疫进程中的关键行动,也是一项典型的集体行动。现有研究表明,基于新冠肺炎病毒疫苗产品的独特性,国际合作中的国家行为往往遵循理性选择的逻辑,其背后折射出国际合作的困境,但国家的理性主义并不能完全解释这种困境。从集体行动视角看,国际合作中的国家行为并非只受理性主义控制,而由个体理性与集体非理性共同塑造。个体理性导致集体非理性既是新冠肺炎病毒疫苗国际合作中国家行为的逻辑起点,也是合作困境产生的基本机理。分析如何打破新冠肺炎病毒疫苗的国际合作困境,既要重视并把握各国国家利益与立场所蕴含的理性逻辑,也要充分考虑影响集体行动的非理性作用,明确行动难题,寻求解决途径。

International cooperation on the supply side of COVID-19 vaccine products is a key and typical collective action in the global fight against the pandemic. Existing studies have shown that based on the uniqueness of COVID-19 vaccine products, state behaviors in international cooperation tend to follow the logic of rational choice. It reflects the dilemma of international cooperation, but national rationalism can not fully explain the dilemma. From the perspective of collective action, state behavior in international cooperation is defined by rationalism alone, but is shaped by both individual rationality and collective irrationality. Individual rationality leads to collective irrationality, which is not only the logical starting point of national behavior in international cooperation on COVID-19 vaccines, but also the underlying mechanism of the cooperation dilemma. To analyze how to break the dilemma, we should not only heed and understand the logic of the national interest and the positions of individual countries, but also fully consider the irrational role affecting collective actions, identify challenges and seek solutions.