从强化到优化:职业教育类型属性确立的实践路径

From Strengthening to Optimization:The Practical Path to Establish the Type Attributes of Vocational Education

类型特色是提高职业教育社会地位,稳固其在国家人才培养体系中重要位置的关键。从强化到优化的导向,证明我国职业教育类型地位的发展开始从政策认定阶段转向内涵探索阶段。优化职业教育类型定位的前提是构建稳定的现代职业教育体系,要始终坚持中职的基础性地位、大力提升职业专科教育质量、稳步发展职业本科教育,同时不断完善职业教育内外部衔接通道;核心是按照职业教育的发展规律管理职业教育,建立基于类型特色的管理体制,要积极探索跨部门协调机制、构建多元主体协同共治的教育治理格局;关键是推进教育平等,提高技能型人才的社会地位、保障职业教育经费投入的公平性。

Type attributes are the key to improve the social status of vocational education and stabilize its important position in the national talent training system.Its orientation from strengthening to optimization proves that the development of the type status of vocational education in China began to shift from the policy identification stage to the connotation exploration stage.The premise of optimizing the orientation of vocational education types is to build a stable modern vocational education system,which should always adhere to the basic status of secondary vocational education,vigorously improve the quality of vocational college education,steadily develop vocational undergraduate education,and constantly improve the internal and external connection channels of vocational education.The core is to manage vocational education in accordance with the development law of vocational education and establish a management system based on type characteristics,and it is necessary to actively explore crossdepartmental coordination mechanisms and build an educational governance pattern of multi-subject coordination and co-governance.The key is to promote education equality,improve the social status of skilled talents and ensure the fairness of investment in vocational education.