变化中的马来西亚政治:政党分裂与格局演变

Political Change in Malaysia:Party Fragmentation and Political Pattern Evolution

2018年第14届全国大选后,马来西亚政府频繁更迭,3年内更换了3任内阁总理;国内政党政治格局发生重大变化,原执政联盟国民阵线经历分裂和重组,胜选的希望联盟不断分化,新组建的国民联盟崛起为第三势力,政党与选举联盟在“解体”与“再结盟”之间不断改变战略关系,凸显“竞合”特征。文章在深入描述2018—2021年马来西亚国内政治发展态势、马来族群政党和联盟分裂的基础上,详细阐释“后威权时代”马来西亚国内政党政治格局的演变。文章认为,变化中的马来西亚政治局势面临无法摆脱的不稳定困境。

Since the 14^(th) Malaysian general election in May 2018,there have been frequent changes in the Malaysian government as three Prime Ministers were replaced in three years.The landscape of political parties in Malaysia has undergone significant changes,with the former ruling coalition,Barisan Nasional,undergoing a split and restructuring,the governing coalition Pakatan Harapan continuing to fragment,and the newly formed Perikatan Nasional emerging as the third force.Political parties and electoral alliances are constantly changing their strategic relationship between"disintegration"and"realignment",highlighting the"competition-cooperation"that characterizes them.Based on an in-depth description of Malaysia's domestic political development and the fragmentation of Malay-dominant political parties and coalitions from 2018 to 2021,this paper provides a detailed account of the evolution of the political structure of domestic political parties in Malaysia in the Post-authoritarian Era.The changing political landscape in Malaysia faces an inescapable dilemma of turmoil and instability.