能源系统低碳转型中的挑战与机遇:车网融合消纳可再生能源

Challenges and Opportunities in the Low-Carbon Transformation of Energy Systems:Utilising Renewable Energy through a Vehicle-to-Grid Model

随着我国能源系统低碳转型的不断推进,以电动汽车替代燃油汽车、以可再生能源发电替代火力发电为代表的低碳能源生产和利用技术应用规模迅速增加,导致承载能量传输任务的电力系统面临着大规模随机性充电需求和波动性发电消纳的双重挑战。借助电动汽车充电时间可调度、电池储能空间可用的特征,采用车网融合的模式解决上述能源转型过程中的供需结构性矛盾是极具潜力的研究领域。本文分析了车网融合的基础、评估了我国车网融合的技术和经济潜力,提出推进车网融合的关键是管理机制和引导政策。最后,结合电动汽车行业的政策演进历程,给出了逐步转向市场驱动的政策建议。

With the continuous advancement of the low-carbon transformation of China’s energy system, the application of low-carbon energy production and utilisation technologies is rapidly increasing. Two prime examples are electric vehicles(EVs) replacing petrol vehicles and renewable energy power generation replacing thermal power generation. The power system that performs the critical task of energy transformation faces the dual challenges of large-scale random EV charging demand and fluctuating renewable power supply. However,with an understanding of the characteristics of EV charging times that can be scheduled and the available battery energy storage capacity,the possibility exists to solve the structural contradiction between supply and demand in energy transformation by adopting a vehicle-togrid(V2G) model. This paper analyzes the foundation of V2 G, evaluates the technical and economic potential of V2G in China, and points out that the key to promoting V2G is management mechanism and guiding policy. Finally, combined with the policy evolution process of the EV industry, the paper presents policy recommendations to gradually shift the mechanism of the EV industry to market-driven.