“十四五”时期中国经济高质量发展的特征、挑战及对策--基于新结构经济学视角

Characteristics, Challenges and Countermeasures of China’s High-quality Economic Development duringthe 14th Five Year Plan Period--From the Perspective of New Structural Economics

中国经济目前正处于由数量型增长阶段转入质量型增长阶段。“十四五”时期将呈现产业结构持续升级、经济增长新动能涌现、经济稳步增长、人民享受高水平发展成果等特征,但同时也面临人力资本与人才需求结构错位、基础设施发展水平低、市场公平竞争程度低、金融体系结构不合理等一系列挑战。面对挑战,本文从新结构经济学视角出发提出了提升人力资本水平,建设高质量的基础设施,创新高质量金融结构,建设高标准的现代市场体系,及对产业进行精准施策,推动中国经济高质量发展的应对之策。

At present,China’s economy is changing from a quantitative growth stage to a qualitative growth stage.The“14th five year plan”period will show the characteristics of continuous upgrading of industrial structure,emergence of new drivers of economic growth,steady economic growth and people’s enjoyment of high-level development achievements.At the same time,it will also face the dislocation of human capital and talent demand structure,low level of infrastructure development,low level of market fair competition A series of challenges such as the unreasonable structure of the financial system.In the face of challenges,from the perspective of new structural economics,this paper puts forward that improving the level of human capital,building high-quality infrastructure,financial system structure and high-standard modern market system,and accurately guiding the industry according to the situation are the countermeasures to promote the high-quality development of China’s economy.