从章学诚《文史通义》的整全性与精神性看近现代中国文论的源流

The Origin of Academic Genealogy of Modern Chinese Literary Theory:From the Perspective of Integrity and Spirituality of Zhang Xuecheng’s Wenshi Tongyi

在当代“后理论”语境下,从文论的视角,将章学诚的《文史通义》放在中西“精神谱系”或“学术源流”的脉络上来加以考察,可见前现代时期即中国近现代文论发轫期之精神谱系的整全性、精神性。《文史通义》对“道”之“三人居室”特性的解释与“道器合一”的整全性追求,对“史德”与“文德”相辉映的“纵横之辞”的回溯,对“易”“气”“理”“情”“性”等生生之精神的提炼与重振,为近现代中国文论史与学术精神史的续写埋下了深远的伏笔。

In the contemporary context of post-theory,Zhang Xuecheng’s Wenshi Tongyi(《文史通义》,The General Theory of Literature and History)is examined from the perspective of literary theory in the context of the“spiritual genealogy”or“academic origin”of the East and West,which shows the integrity and spirituality of the spiritual genealogy in the pre-modern period.The interpretation of the“three-person-in-aroom”character of the“Tao”and the pursuit of the“unity of the Tao and the vessel”in Wenshi Tongyi,there trospective on(“道”)the“historical virtue”,the“literary virtue”and the“rhetoric of great texts”,and the refinement and reinvigoration of the spirit,such as Yi(“易”),Qi(“气”),Reason(“理”),Emotion(“情”)and Nature(“性”),all of these theories have laid a profound foundation for the continuation of the history of Chinese literary theory and the history of academic spirit in modern age.