金融科技对银行风险承担影响的实证研究——以上市银行为例

An Empirical Study on the Impact of Fintech on Bank Risk-taking:a Case Study of Listed Banks

近年来,金融科技迅速发展,深刻改变了银行的风险承担状况,一方面,金融科技冲击商业银行,增加了银行的风险。另一方面,金融科技助推银行发展,降低了银行的风险,因此,研究上市银行在金融科技发展下的风险承担具有重要意义。文中尝试研究了金融科技对上市银行风险承担的影响,从理论层面出发的同时,运用实证方法对理论结论进行验证,先通过文本挖掘法构建fintech指数作为解释变量,再选取股票波动收益率作为被解释变量,将名义GDP增速、货币供应量增速、前四大银行资产占比、资产收益率、流动资产比率、总资产周转率和银行总资产作为控制变量;利用37家上市银行2010-2020年的年度数据,通过动态面板系统广义矩估计实证研究fintech对银行风险承担的影响,最终得出结论:金融科技对银行风险承担的影响呈倒“U”型。据此提出建议:在金融科技的发展下,银行应防范金融风险,与金融科技协同发展,监管机构要加强金融监管,政府机构应大力支持改革,促进经济长期发展。

In recent years,the rapid development of Fintech has profoundly changed the risk-taking situation of banks.On the one hand,Fintech has impacted commercial banks and increased the risks of banks.On the other hand,Fintech boosts the development of banks and reduces their risks.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the risk-taking of listed banks under the development of Fintech.This paper attempts to study the impact of Fintech on risk-taking of listed banks from the theoretical level,and at the same time uses empirical methods to verify the theoretical conclusions.Fintech index was constructed by text mining method as the explanatory variable,stock volatility return rate as the explained variable,nominal GDP growth,money supply growth,the proportion of assets in the top four banks,return on assets,liquid assets ratio,total asset turnover and total bank assets as the control variables.Based on the annual data of 37 listed banks from 2010 to 2020,this paper empirically studies the impact of Fintech on bank risk-taking through generalized moment estimation of dynamic panel system,and finally draws a conclusion that the impact of Fintech on bank risk-taking shows an inverted "U" shape.Therefore,it is suggested that under the development of Fintech,banks should guard against financial risks and develop in coordination with Fintech,regulators should strengthen financial supervision,and government agencies should strongly support reforms to promote long-term economic development.