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新时代专门人民法院的设立标准和设置模式 被引量:24

Standards and Modes for the Establishment of Specialized People's Courts in the New Era
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摘要 专门法院是专业化审判的最高组织形式。进入新时代,我国专门人民法院建设取得重大成效,先后设立4个知识产权法院、3个金融法院,增设1个海事法院,逐步形成制度特点和优势。专门人民法院在设立标准上,从过去的服务保障特殊部门或行业,转为“战略+专业”导向,立法上采取概括列举制,遵循法院设置法定原则,按照“中央批准+立法决定”模式设立,根据国家发展战略、产业集中程度、案件类型特点设置审级、科学布局。未来,有必要按照战略性、专业性、替代性、确定性、规模性标准,科学设立新类型专门人民法院,建立国家层面专门上诉机制,完善配套专门立法、法官选任机制、司法民主机制、诉讼便民机制,构建更加符合我国国情的专业化审判格局。 Specialized court is the highest form of the organization for specialized trials.In the new era,with the successive establishment of four intellectual property courts,three financial courts and one maritime court,the construction of China's specialized people's courts has achieved great results,gradually forms the institutional characteristics and advantages.In terms of establishment standards,specialized people's courts have shifted from the past special departments or industries for service guarantees to a"strategic+professional"orientation,adopting a general enumeration system in legislation,following the statutory principle of setting courts,establishing in accordance with the"central approval+legislative decision"model,and setting up trial levels and scientific layouts according to the national development strategy,the degree of industrial concentration,and the characteristics of case types.In the future,it is necessary to study the establishment of new types of specialized people's courts in accordance with strategic,professional,alternative,certainty,and scale standards,establish a special appeal mechanism at the national level,improve supporting special legislation,judge selection mechanisms,judicial democracy mechanisms,and litigation convenience mechanisms,in order to build a professional trial pattern more in line with China's national conditions.
作者 何帆 He Fan
出处 《中国应用法学》 CSSCI 2022年第3期44-66,共23页 China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence
关键词 专门法院 专门法庭 专业化审判 专业法官 法院设置 审级 设置 specialized courts specialized tribunals specialized trials professional judges court settings trial level setup
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