硫、硅肥配施对铜胁迫下水稻产量和品质的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Sulfur and Silicon Fertilizers on Rice Yield and Quality under Copper Stress

【目的】如今工业上铜的大量使用,含铜污染物与日俱增的逐量排放,导致作物中铜含量超标,严重影响生态系统的稳定和人类的健康。研究旨在控制和减轻重金属元素铜对水稻生长的毒害作用。【方法】通过盆栽试验,研究不同硫(S)(0,0.013,0.026,0.039 g/kg)、硅(Si)(0,0.05,0.10,0.15 g/kg)的配施对铜胁迫下水稻产量和品质的影响。【结果】(1)单施硫肥时,水稻产量随硫肥用量的增加而增加;单施硅肥时,低浓度(0.05 g/kg)硅肥对水稻产量出现抑制作用,硅肥高浓度(0.15 g/kg)的促进作用不如中浓度(0.10 g/kg)。(2)硫、硅肥配施时,除0.013 g/kg硫(S)与0.15 g/kg硅(Si)配施外,其他处理组较对照组产量增幅1.27%~29.14%,均有不同幅度的促进作用。相关分析表明,水稻产量与有效穗和每穗实粒数显著正相关,相关系数r分别为0.534^(*)和0.603^(*)。(3)低浓度硫与中、低浓度硅配施对水稻生长的促进效应较好,中、高浓度硫易与高浓度硅产生拮抗效应,对水稻生长的促进作用较小。(4)硫、硅肥的施用可有效改善铜胁迫下水稻的品质,降低其糙米率和直链淀粉含量,其蛋白质含量增幅15.77%~48.62%,水稻籽粒中铜含量降幅16.37%~49.37%。【结论】硫、硅肥对水稻的作用效果与施用量密切相关,合理配施硫、硅肥可有效提高铜胁迫下水稻的产量和品质,此外与对照组相比,施用硫、硅肥各处理水稻籽粒铜含量均呈下降趋势,进一步改善了铜污染水稻的卫生健康问题。0.013 g/kg硫(S)与0.1 g/kg硅(Si)配施为提高水稻产量的最优配置。

[Objective]With the extensive use of copper in industry and the increasing emission of coppercontaining pollutants,the content of copper in crops exceeds the standard,which has severely affected the stability of ecosystem and human health.This study aims to to control and reduce the toxic effects of heavy metal element of copper on rice growth.[Methods]Through pot experiment,the effects of different sulfur fertilizer(0,0.013,0.026,0.039 g/kg)and silicon fertilizer(0,0.05,0.10,0.15 g/kg)on rice yield and quality under copper stress were studied.[Results](1)When applying sulfur fertilizer alone,rice yield increased with the increase of the fertilizer;when applying silicon fertilizer alone,low concentration(0.05 g/kg)inhibited rice yield,and the promotion effect of high concentration(0.15 g/kg)was not as good as that of medium concentration(0.10 g/kg).(2)In the combined application of sulfur and silicon fertilizer,except the combination of 0.013 g/kg sulfur(S)and 0.15 g/kg silicon(Si),the yields of other treatment groups increased by 1.27%-29.14%compared with that of the control group.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between rice yield and effective panicles as well as the number of grains per panicle,and the correlation coefficients r were0.534^(*)and 0.603^(*)respectively.(3)The promotion effect of low concentration sulfur and medium and low concentration silicon on rice growth was better.However,it was prone to prodcue antagonistic effects by mixing medium and high concentration sulfur was prone with high concentration silicon,then the promotion effect on rice growth was weakened.(4)The application of sulfur and silicon fertilizer could effectively improve the quality of rice under copper stress by reducing the brown rice rate and amylose content.The protein content was increased by 15.77%-48.62%,and the copper content in rice grains was reduced by 16.37%-49.37%.[Conclusion]The effect of sulfur and silicon fertilizer on rice is closely related to the application rate.The proper combination of sulfur and silicon fertilizer can effectively improve the yield and quality of rice under copper stress.In addition,compared with the that of control group,the copper content of rice grains in each treatment of sulfur and silicon fertilizer showed a downward trend,which can ameliorate the health problems caused by copper polluted rice.The results showed that the combination of 0.013 g/kg sulfur(S)and 0.1 g/kg silicon(Si)was the best scheme to improve the yield of rice under copper stress.