运动与肠道菌健康效益的关系

Health benefit relationship between exercise and intestinal bacteria

背景:运动已成为当下促进人体健康不可或缺的重要方式之一。近年肠道组织中的菌群作为预防和改善人体疾病的重要靶点,其对人体健康的重要性已逐渐得到人们的认识。当前研究已证明,运动可以介入肠道菌群对其组成、结构、功能及多样性进行有效调控,从而影响机体组织健康状况。目的:文章首先对运动、肠道菌群以及机体健康3者的相关性进行系统分析,旨在进一步探究运动介入肠道菌群对机体组织健康产生影响的可能性机制;其次不同运动强度下菌群变化对机体健康影响状况进行分析,以期对相关疾病的改善和后续研究提供思路和途径。方法:检索Web of Science、Elsevier、Springer、PubMed、ProQuest、中国知网、万方数据、维普中文期刊服务平台及中国台湾学术文献数据库,检索与运动训练、肠道菌群、能量代谢、抗炎反应和氧化应激等相关的中英文文献,文献发表时间截止至2022年2月,根据研究目的确立相应的入组标准,最终筛选出97篇文献进行论述。结果与结论:①运动可以通过调节肠道菌群促进短链脂肪酸分泌促进抗炎因子白细胞介素10的增加,降低脂多糖诱导产生的相关炎症因子,从而提高机体组织抗炎能力,促进宿主健康。②运动介入肠道菌群不仅可以促进短链脂肪酸的产生也可以提高胆汁酸分泌来激活人体器官中的核激素法尼醇X受体和G蛋白偶联受体,从而调节宿主机体脂质、葡萄糖和能量代谢,促进机体各组织能量代谢吸收与稳定。③运动介入肠道菌群改变乳杆菌与双歧杆菌丰度调控抗氧化酶,如超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶及非酶系统谷胱甘肽的活性,从而调控或消除氧化应激,预防病原体入侵,改善肌肉组织损伤。④另外,有研究还发现不同强度运动对肠道菌群的影响有明显差异,从而对机体组织健康也产生不同影响,低-中强度运动介入肠道菌群可以改善肠道有益菌丰度,促进肠道稳态,对机体健康产生有益影响,而高强度运动介入肠道菌群对人体健康的影响存在较大争议。⑤目前,运动介入肠道菌群促进机体健康的相关机制尚不明朗,亟待深入研究,且对不同运动强度、运动时间、运动模式、运动对象等相关特定因素影响下肠道菌群对机体健康作用的具体研究较少,值得学者们进一步关注。

BACKGROUND:Exercise has become one of the indispensable ways to promote human health.In recent years,as an important target for disease prevention and improvement,intestinal flora has been gradually recognized as an important target for human health.Current studies have proven that exercise can effectively regulate the composition,structure,function,and diversity of intestinal flora,thereby influencing the health status of body tissues.OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the correlation among exercise,the intestinal flora,and the body health system and to further explore the possible mechanism by which exercise influences body health through the involvement in the intestinal flora and analyze the effect of bacterial flora changes under different exercise intensities on the body health condition,in order to provide new ideas and strategies for the improvement of relevant diseases.METHODS:Literature retrieval was conducted in the Web of Science,Elsevier,Springer,PubMed,ProQuest,CNKI database,WanFang Data,VIP Chinese Journal Service Platform and Airitilibrary.Chinese and English documents related to sports training,intestinal microflora,energy metabolism,anti-inflammatory response,and oxidative stress published before February 2022 were included.Corresponding inclusion criteria were established according to the research needs,and finally 97 documents were reviewed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Exercise can promote the secretion of short-chain fatty acid to increase the level of interleukin-10 and reduce the production of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory factors,thereby improving the anti-inflammatory ability of the body and promoting host health.Exercise for intervention of intestinal flora cannot only promote the production of short-chain fatty acid but also increase the secretion of bile acid to activate nuclear hormone farnitol X receptor and G protein-coupled receptor in human organs,thus regulating lipid,glucose and energy metabolisms of the host body and promoting the absorption and stability of energy metabolism in the body.Exercise can change the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria to regulate antioxidant enzymes,such as superoxide dismutase,catalase,and glutathione,thereby regulating or eliminating oxidative stress,preventing pathogen invasion,and improving muscle tissue injury.In addition,it is found that different intensity exercises have obviously different effects on the intestinal flora,thereby producing different effects on the body health.Low-intensity exercise intervention can improve the gut bacteria abundance,promote the intestinal steadystate,and have a beneficial effect on the health of the body,whereas high-intensity exercise intervention for the intestinal flora has a controversy on the human health.At present,the relevant mechanism of exercise intervention for the intestinal flora to promote body health is still unclear and needs to be further studied.Moreover,there are few studies on the effect of exercise intervention for the intestinal flora on the body health under specific conditions such as different exercise intensity,exercise time,exercise mode and exercise object,all of which are worthy of further explorations.