快速伸缩复合训练对变向速度影响的Meta分析

Meta-Analysis about the Effects of Plyometric Training on Change of Direction Speed

目的:运用Meta分析的研究方法检验快速伸缩复合训练对变向速度的干预效果,以及快速伸缩复合训练中不同训练策略和受试者特点对干预效果的影响。方法:采用Review Manager 5.3对纳入的24篇文献、834名受试者设置用力方向、用力方式、负荷量、课间间歇时间、干预时间以及受试者运动水平与性别等7个调节变量进行亚组分析,采用随机效应模型进行整体效应和异质性检验。结果:1)快速伸缩复合训练对变向速度的提高为大效应量(d=-0.96,P<0.00001)且具有统计学意义。2)用力方式(I2=57.8%,P=0.09<0.1)、用力方向(I2=64.9%,P=0.04<0.1)、负荷量(I2=69.9%,P=0.04<0.1)、干预时间(I2=63.3%,P=0.03<0.1)、课间间歇(I2=77.9%,P=0.01<0.1)和受试者运动水平(I2=87.4%,P=0.0004<0.1)等调节变量的各自亚组之间分别存在中等至非常高的异质性,表明以上调节变量会影响快速伸缩复合训练对变向速度的改善效果;而受试者性别的亚组之间不存在异质性(I2=0,P=0.97>0.1),表明性别不会影响快速伸缩复合训练对变向速度的改善效果。结论:1)快速伸缩复合训练对于变向速度具有积极的提升效果;2)包含水平方向和单腿支撑用力练习的快速伸缩复合训练对变向速度的改善效果更为突出;3)每节课80-120次触地、课间间歇大于72小时、共持续8周的快速伸缩复合训练方案对变向速度的改善更为有效;4)经快速伸缩复合训练之后,中等运动水平受试者的变向速度提升效果最大,变向速度改善效果与受试者性别无关。

Objective:To conduct a Meta-analysis about the intervention effect of plyometric training on change of direction speed(CODS)and the impact of different training strategies and characteristics of testees of plyometric training on the intervention effect.Method:834 subjects from 24 literatures were included in the study.Review Manager 5.3 was used to conduct subgroup analysis which included six adjustment variables:force application,force pattern,volume,intraday rest,training time and competition level.The random effect model was utilized to test the overall effect and heterogeneity.Results:1)The overall effect size of plyometric training on change of direction speed was large effect(d=-0.96)and significant statistically;2)There were moderate to very high heterogeneity between subgroups among pattern of force application(I2=57.8%,P=0.09),orientation of force application(I2=64.9%,P=0.04),volume(I2=69.9%,P=0.04),training time(I2=63.3%,P=0.03),rest between sessions(I2=77.9%,P=0.01)and competition level(I2=87.4%,P=0.0004).It indicated that these adjustment variables would influence the effect of PT on the CODS.In addition,there was no heterogeneity between subgroups of gender(I2=0,P=0.97>0.1).It demonstrated that the gender would not influence the effect of PT on the CODS.Conclusion:1)Plyometric training has a positive effect to improve CODS.2)Horizontally-oriented and single leg standing exercise movement optimized the effect on CODS improvement;3)It is better to enhance the CODS by conducting 80-120 contact times per session,more than 72 hours rest between sessions and lasting 8 weeks;4)Moderate competition level athletes showed the highest enhancement in the CODS and there was no difference between male and female at the improvement in the CODS after plyometric training,